Eogenetic caves in Pleistocene carbonate conglomerate in Slovenia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/AGS52101Keywords:
geography, karst geomorphology, speleology, caves in conglomerate, eogenetic caves, Pleistocene, SloveniaAbstract
This paper focuses on caves in Pleistocene carbonate conglomerates in Slovenia and for the first time defines them as eogenetic. The conglomerates show no deep burial that would resemble the mezogenetic stage of diagenesis and are still in the phase of early diagenesis (i.e. eogenetic stage). Based on speleological analysis the eogenetic caves were grouped into four types; (1) linear stream caves, (2) shelter caves, (3) breakdown caves, and (4) vadose shafts. All four types of caves, described in this paper, can appear individually, however, complex cave systems are often a combination of passages of different types.Downloads
References
Berner, R. A. 1980: Early Diagenesis, A Theoretical Approach. New Jersey.
Bavec, M., Pohar, V. 2009: Kvartar. Geologija Slovenije. Ljubljana.
Bavec, M., Verbič, T. 2004: The extent of Quaternary glaciations in Slovenia. Quaternary glaciations: extent and chronology. Developments in Quaternary science 1. Amsterdam.
Bergadá, M. M., Cervelló, J. M., Serrat, D. 1997: Karst in conglomerates in Catalonia (Spain): Morphological forms and sedimentary dequence types recorded on archaeological sites. Quaternaire 8, 2-3. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/quate.1997.1579
Choquette, P. W., Pray, L. C. 1970: Geologic nomenclature and classification of porosity in sedimentary carbonates. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 54-2. Tulsa.
De Waele, J., Mucedda, M., Montanaro, L. 2009: Morphology and origin of coastal karst landforms in Miocene and Quaternary carbonate rocks along the central-western coast of Sardinia (Italy). Geomorphology 106. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.09.017
Değirmenci, M., Günay, G. 1993: Origin and catchment area of the Olukköprü karst springs. Hydrogeological Processes in Karst Terranes. IAHS 207. Oxfordshire.
Erhartič, B. 2010: Geomorphosite assessment. Acta geographica Slovenica 50-2. Ljubljana. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/AGS50206
Ferrarese, F., Sauro, U. 2005: The Montello Hill; The »classical karst« of the conglomerate rocks. Acta Carsologica 34-2. Ljubljana.
Filippov, A. 2004: Siberia, Russia. In: Gunn, J. (Ed.): Encyclopaedia of caves and karst science. New York, London.
Florea, L. J., Vacher, H. L. 2006: Springflow hydrographs: eogenetic vs. telogenetic karst. Ground Water 44-3. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00158.x
Florea, L. J., Vacher, H. L., Donahue, B., Naar, D. 2007: Quaternary cave levels in peninsular Florida. Quaternary Science Reviews 26. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.02.011
Ford, D., Williams, P. 2007: Karst Hydrogeology and Geomorphology. Chichester.
Gabrovšek, F. 2005: Jame v konglomeratu: primer Udin Boršta, Slovenija (Caves in conglomerate: case of Udin Boršt, Slovenia). Acta Carsologica 34-2. Ljubljana.
Gams, I. 2008: Geomorphology of the Pohorje mountains. Acta geographica Slovenica 48-2. Ljubljana. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/AGS48201
Gantar, A. 1955: Arnešova luknja. Acta Carsologica 1. Ljubljana.
Ginés, A., Ginés, J. 2007: Eogenetic karst, glacioeustatic cave pools and anchialine environments on Mallorca Island: a discussion of coastal speleogenesis. International Journal of Speleology 36-2.
Goeppert, N., Goldscheider, N., Scholz, H. 2011: Karst geomorphology of carbonatic conglomerates in the Folded Molasse zone of the Northern Alps (Austria, Germany). Geomorphology 130. Amsterdam. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.04.011
Grimes, K. G. 2006: Syngenetic karst in Australia: a review. Helictite 39-2. Sydney.
Günay, G. 1985: Karst groundwater studies in Manavgat river basin, Turkey. Karst Water Resources (Proceedings of the Ankara – Antalya Symposium). IAHS 161. Oxfordshire.
Jennings, J. N. 1968: Syngenetic karst in Australia. Contributions to the Study of Karst. Department of Geography Publication 5. Canberra.
Kataster jam IZRK 2011: Inštitut za raziskovanje krasa Znanstvenoraziskovalnega centra Slovenske akademije znanosti in umetnosti. Postojna.
Kataster jam Jamarske zveze Slovenije, 2011: Jamarska zveza Slovenije. Ljubljana.
Klimchouk, A. 2004: Russia and Ukraine. Encyclopaedia of caves and karst science. New York.
Komac, B. 2009: Social Memory and Geographical Memory of Natural Disasters. Acta geographica Slovenica 49-1. Ljubljana. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/AGS49107
Komac, B., Zorn, M. 2007: Pobočni procesi in človek. Geografija Slovenije 15. Ljubljana.
Kranjc, A. 2005: Konglomeratni kras v Sloveniji: zgodovina raziskovanja in poznavanja jam v Udin Borštu na Gorenjskem. Acta Carsologica 34-2. Ljubljana.
Kuščer, D. 1955: Prispevek h glacialni geologiji Radovljiške kotline. Geologija 3. Ljubljana.
Lapaire, F., Becker, D., Christe, R., Luetscher, M. 2006: Karst phenomena with gas emanations in Early Oligocene conglomerates: risks within a highway context (Jura, Switzerland). Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 66-2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S10064-006-0068-8
Lipar, M., Ferk, M. 2011: Eogenetic caves in conglomerate: an example from Udin Boršt, Slovenia. International Journal of Speleology 40-1. Tampa. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1827-806X.40.1.7
Lucia, F. J. 2007: Carbonate reservoir characterization: an integrated approach. Berlin, Heidelberg.
Lynch, E. 2003a: Deepest underground drop: new longest cave. Descent 172. Abergavenny.
Lynch, E. 2003b: Caving in conglomerate. Descent 174. Abergavenny.
Markič, M. 2009: Pliocen in pliokvartar. Geologija Slovenije. Ljubljana.
Melik, A. 1930: Bohinjski ledenik. Geografski vestnik 5-6. Ljubljana.
Meze, D. 1966: Gornja Savinjska dolina: nova dognanja o geomorfološkem razvoju pokrajine. Dela SAZU 20. Ljubljana.
Natek, K. 2007: Periglacial landforms in the Pohorje mountains. Dela 27. Ljubljana.
Novak, M., Skaberne, D. 2009: Zgornji karbon in spodnji perm. Geologija Slovenije. Ljubljana.
Ortega, F. F. 2000: El karst en Cantabria. Enseñanza de las Ciencias de la Tierra 8-1. Oviedo.
Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ 1:100.000, 1972: Tolmač za list Ilirska Bistrica. Beograd.
Pavšič, J., Horvat, A. 2009: Eocen, oligocen in miocen v osrednji in vzhodni Sloveniji. Geologija Slovenije. Ljubljana.
Planina, T. 1954. Kako se je razvila loška pokrajina. Loški razgledi 1. Škofja Loka.
Planina, T. 1955. Jame in drugi kraški pojavi v okolici Škofje Loke. Loški razgledi 2. Škofja Loka.
Ramovš, A., Buser, S. 2009: Devon in spodnji karbon. Geologija Slovenije. Ljubljana.
Skaberne, D., Ramovš, A., Ogorelec, B. 2009: Srednji in zgornji perm. Geologija Slovenije. Ljubljana.
Smart, P. L., Beddows, P. A., Coke, J., Doerr, S., Smith, S., Whitaker, F. F. 2006: Cave development on the Caribbean coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Geological Society of America Special Papers 404. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2404(10)
Stepišnik, U., Ferk, M., Gostinčar, P., Černuta, L. 2012: Holocene high floods on Planina Polje, Classical Dinaric Karst, Slovenia. Acta Carsologica 41-1. Ljubljana.
Stepišnik, U., Mihevc, A. 2008: Investigation of structure of various surface karst formations in limestone and dolomite bedrock with application of the electrical resistivity imaging. Acta Carsologica 37-1. Ljubljana.
Šifrer, M. 1952: Obseg poledenitve na Pokljuki. Geografski vestnik 24. Ljubljana.
Šifrer, M. 1961: Porečje Kamniške Bistrice v Pleistocenu. Dela SAZU 12. Ljubljana.
Šifrer, M. 1969: Kvartarni razvoj Dobrav na Gorenjskem. Geografski zbornik 11. Ljubljana.
Šifrer, M. 1992: Geomorfološki razvoj Blejsko-Radovljiške kotline in Dobrav v kvartarju. Radovljica.
Vacher, H. L., Mylroie J. E. 2002: Eogenetic karst from the perspective of an equivalent porous medium. Carbonates and Evaporites 17-2. Berlin. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03176484
Zampieri, D., Ferrarese, F., Sauro, U. 2005: Aspetti della speleogenesi del Montello. In: Castiglioni, B. (Ed.): Montello. Montebelluna: Museo di Storia Naturale e Archeologia. Treviso.
Zhang, C. 2011: Longmen Dong Cave. Private correspondence of the authors.
Zorn, M. 2009: Erosion processes in Slovene Istria – part 2: Badlands. Acta geographica Slovenica, 49-2. Ljubljana. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/AGS49203
Žlebnik, L. 1971: Pleistocen Kranjskega, Sorškega in Ljubljanskega polja (Pleistocene Deposits of the Kranj, Sora and Ljubljana Fields). Geologija 14. Ljubljana.
Žlebnik, L. 1978: Kras na konglomeratnih terasah ob Zgornji Savi in njenih pretokih (Karstification of conglomeratic terraces along the Upper Sava River and tributaries). Geologija 21. Ljubljana.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
