青藏高原大地构造演化——主要构造—热事件的制约及其成因探讨

王二七

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0563-5020.2013.02.002

青藏高原大地构造演化——主要构造—热事件的制约及其成因探讨

王二七

- 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所岩石圈演化国家重点实验室北京 100029

详细信息

作者简介:
王二七,男,1950年2月生,博士,研究员,构造地质学专业。E-mail:erchie-wang@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

中图分类号: P542

收稿日期: 2012-12-25

修回日期: 2013-02-01

刊出日期: 2013-04-25

Evolution of the Tibetan Plateau: As constrained by major tectonic-thermo events and a discussion on their origin

Wang Erchie

- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029

Received Date: 25 December 2012

Revised Date: 01 February 2013

Publish Date: 25 April 2013

摘要

摘要: 尽管青藏高原具有至少5 000万年漫长的演化历史,但是我们对它的认识多是基于一些持续时间很短的构造、沉积、热和气候等事件。在前人的研究基础上,本文对发生在高原内的主要构造—热事件进行梳理,并在时空上进行对比,试图确定相对合理的动力学控制因素。在新生代早期(～50 Ma)和中新世中晚期(～10 Ma),印度板块运动速率发生两次大幅度衰减,前一事件被认为与印度与欧亚大陆碰撞有关,后一事件被认为与高原向外扩展有关,成因是高原的底部岩石圈的剥离和由此引发的均衡反弹。除此以外,在高原内还发生过两次事件,虽然它们没有反应在印度板块运动速率的变化,但是留下的痕迹遍布高原。一次是高原内部区域性挤压缩短的停止,平坦的高原面得以发育,另一次是高原周边山脉的隆升,这两次事件都发生在新生代中期(～25 Ma)。这两次构造事件呈现的"此消彼长"关系反映出高原向外的扩展,成因是否是高原岩石圈底部的剥离还是个未知数。由此可以得出结论,即:中央高原现今的构造与地貌格架定型于早期事件(～25 Ma),而高原周边造山带现今的构造和地貌格架定型于晚期事件(～10 Ma)。即使是新生代中期的扩展事件,在时间上也远远滞后于印度与欧亚大陆的碰撞时间,青藏高原新生代早期(50～35 Ma)在很大程度上仍是一段哑历史,该时期到底发生了什么？这是一个值得探索的科学问题。
- 青藏高原 /
- 大陆碰撞 /
- 构造事件 /
- 热年代 /
- 岩石圈 /
- 扩展
Abstract: Although the Tibetan Plateau has a long evolution history of at least 50 ma,our knowledge for its evolution is largely based on a few of important events of tectonics,sedimentation and thermo-activity and climate etc that took place at a short geological time.Based on results of previous studies,this paper intends to characterize the features of these events and to explore their possible spatial and temporal correlations and dynamic controlling facts.The northward motion of the Indian plate abruptly slowed down in Late Eocene(～50 Ma) and Late Miocene(～10 Ma) times.The former event is considered to have resulted from the collision of the Indian subcontinent with Eurasian continent,while the latter event is thought to have been related to the outward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau due to the convectional remove the lower part of the lithosphere of the plateau.Besides,there were two events that occurred within the Tibetan Plateau,leaving signatures all over plateau,although which were not reflected by the change in rate of the Indian plate's motion.One is the stop of shortening of the plateau and another is the onset of the orogeny that occurred along the marginal areas of the plateau,both of which occurred in the Middle Cenozoic(～25 Ma).The synchronous occurrence of these two events with different nature reflects that the plateau underwent outward expansion,probably also caused by the delaminating of the lower lithosphere and resultant isostatic rebound.It can be inferred that the Tibetan Plateau experienced two events related to large-scale outward expansion through in Middle and Late Cenozoic times.Even the early event was leg behind of the collision between India and Eurasia that occurred in～50 Ma,and it is speculated that the early Cenozoic evolution of the plateau was mainly characterized by the thickening of the lower crust,associated with surface uplift.
- Tibetan Plateau /
- Continental collision /
- Tectonic event /
- Thermochronology /
- Lithosphere /
- Deformation

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青藏高原大地构造演化——主要构造—热事件的制约及其成因探讨

作者简介: 王二七,男,1950年2月生,博士,研究员,构造地质学专业。E-mail:erchie-wang@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

Evolution of the Tibetan Plateau: As constrained by major tectonic-thermo events and a discussion on their origin

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作者简介:
王二七,男,1950年2月生,博士,研究员,构造地质学专业。E-mail:erchie-wang@mail.iggcas.ac.cn