北京城镇规划对气象条件影响的定量分析
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中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201618);北京市科技计划课题(Z161100001216011);北京市科技计划课题(Z151100002115045);国家国际科技合作专项(2015DFA20870)


Quantitative analysis of town planning's impact on meteorological conditions in Beijing
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    摘要:

    针对北京地区城镇化快速发展带来的气象环境问题,选取夏季晴天典型个例,采用数值模拟的方法,研究了2004—2020年北京城市总体规划方案中新城建设、绿地增加和水体恢复的环境效应。结果表明:规划对夏季六环内高温、小风、低湿的气象环境有所改善。其中,城镇用地增长地区,气温增幅达1~2℃,夜晚最大;风速和比湿的降幅分别在0.2~1 m·s-1、0.2~1 g·kg-1之间,白天降幅最大;在城镇扩张周边地区,气温的受影响范围最大,白天可达城镇增长面积的3倍,增幅在0.2~1℃;风速和比湿的降幅影响范围都在城镇增长面积的0.3~0.5倍之间,且晚上风速影响范围广,比湿白天影响幅度和范围大。以亦庄为例,基于地理信息系统的精细分析表明,城镇用地增长率与气温增幅、风速降幅和比湿降幅都成线性正相关关系。当城镇用地增长率达到15%~30%时,气象要素的变化幅度会急剧加大。因此,初步建议在城镇规划中将建设用地的增长率控制在20%以内,将用地扩张对局地气象环境造成的不良影响降到最低。

    Abstract:

    For the influences on meteorological environment brought by the town construction, a numerical method was used to analyze the enviromental effects of the increasing of green space and the water restoration performence according to the new general-planning of Beijing (2004-2020). Results illustrate that the meteorological condition of high temperature, calm wind and low humidity are improved in the regions within the sixth ring road of Beijing. It is found that with the growth of town, the temperature increases by 1-2℃, reaching the peak value at night. In contrast to that, the wind speed and the specific humidity decrease by approximately 0.2-1 m·s-1 and 0.2-1 g·kg-1, respectively. With respect to the regions surrounding the expansion of town, the temperature in the local meteorological parameters was influenced the heaviest. In the daytime, the area where the temperature was affected can reaches three times of that with the growth of town, and the increasing of temperature ranges from 0.2 to 1℃. In contrast to that, the area where either the wind speed or the specific humidity decreases is only 0.3-0.5 times of that under the original condition. The impact on the wind speed during evenings is heavier, while the influence on the specific humidity is deeper and wider during the daytime. A case study by performing a detailed analysis of the city Yizhuang based on the GIS data was conducted. It is shown that the growth rate of town construction depends linearly on the temperature increasing, dropping of the wind speed and the declining of the specific humidity. When the town growth rate reaches 15%-30%, the meteorological parameters would change significantly. It is suggested that the growth rate of the town construction should be controlled below 20% in the future town planning, which might minimize the negative impact on the environment of Beijing.

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王晓云,王昕瑶,李忠良,程宸,曾宪宁,房小怡.北京城镇规划对气象条件影响的定量分析.气象科学,2018,38(3):351-360 WANG Xiaoyun, WANG Xinyao, LI Zhongliang, CHENG Chen, ZENG Xianning, FANG Xiaoyi. Quantitative analysis of town planning's impact on meteorological conditions in Beijing. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2018,38(3):351-360

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  • 收稿日期:2016-12-19
  • 最后修改日期:2017-02-23
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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-07-16
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