pISSN 2093-2340   eISSN 2092-6448
Indexed in ESCI, PubMed, Scopus, DOAJ and more
Open Access, Peer-reviewed
    Infect Chemother. 2010 Jun;42(3):162-170. Korean.
    Published online Jun 30, 2010.
    https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2010.42.3.162
    Copyright © 2010 by The Korean Society of Infectious Diseases and The Korean Society for Chemotherapy
    Original Article

    Genotype of Varicella Zoster Virus Isolated from Korean Elderly Patients with Herpes Zoster

    Young Ju Choi,1 Kye Hyung Kim,2 and Myoung Don Oh, 2
      • 1Infectious Diseases Clinic, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea.
      • 2Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
    • Corresponding author: Myoung Don Oh, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongrogu Daehakro 101 (Yungundong 28), Seoul 110-744, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2072-2945, Fax: +82-2-765-6354, Email: mdohmd@snu.ac.kr
    Received December 24, 2009; Revised March 15, 2010; Accepted March 15, 2010.

    This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

    Abstract

    Background

    Herpes zoster develops via reactivation of the latent varicella zoster virus (VZV) in neuronal ganglia as host immunity declines. In Korea, seroprevalence of VZV is very high and population at risk for herpes zoster is increasing. The goal of this study is to evaluate the infection rate of the VZV and the lifetime prevalence of herpes zoster, and to determine the genotype of VZV.

    Materials and Methods

    Serum IgG antibody titer was measured in 399 patients. Lifetime prevalence of herpes zoster was evaluated through a survey of 2,054 participants. VZV was isolated by cell culture technique using MRC-5 cells. To determine the genotype of VZV, ORF 22, 38, 54, 62 were amplified by PCR, and after digestion of the PCR products with enzymes pstI, bglI, and smaI, restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism (RFLP) was analysed. The amplified ORF 22 PCR product was sequenced and checked for single nucleotide polymorphisms.

    Results

    The overall seroprevalence of VZV IgG in adults was 93.9% (375/399). The overall lifetime prevalence of herpes zoster was 13.7% (282/2,054). Of the patients with herpes zoster, 17.7% (50/282) of patients experienced postherpetic neuralgia for more than one month. All 22 VZV isolates were of J genotype; 21 (95.4%) isolates were all pstI+ bglI+ smaI-, and 1 (4.5%) isolate was pstI- bglI+ smaI- (pOka) genotype.

    Conclusions

    The seroprevalece of VZV IgG antibody was 93.9% in adults. The lifetime prevalence of herpes zoster was 13.7%. The genotype of VZV isolated from adults over 60 years old were all of J genotype.

    Keywords
    Herpes zoster; Varicella zoster virus; Seroprevalence; Genotype

    Figures

    Figure 1
    RFLP Pattern of ORF 38, 54, and 62 Product Digested with pstI, bglI, smaI. A) A 350bp ORF 38 product was digested with pstI. The product yielded 2 fragments of 250bp and 100bp in size. B) Digestion of 268bp ORF 62 product with smaI yielded 3 fragments 153bp, 79bp, 36bp in size. C) Digestion of 222bp ORF 54 product with bglI yielded 2 fragments 137bp and 87bp in size.

    Tables

    Table 1
    Sequences of Primers Used to Amplify Sites ORF 22, 38, 54, and 62

    Table 2
    Prevalence and Mean titer of VZV IgG Antibody according to Age Groups

    Table 3
    Prevalence of Herpes Zoster according to Age Group and Sex

    Table 4
    Prevalence and Duration of Postherpetic Neuralgia in 282 Patients with a History of Herpes Zoster

    Table 5
    RFLP Analysis and Final Genotype of VZV Isolated from 22 Elderly Korean Patients

    Table 6
    SNP Analysis of ORF 22 in VZV Isolated from 22 Elderly Korean Patients

    References

      1. Schmader K. Herpes zoster in older adults. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32:1481–1486.
      1. Brisson M, Edmunds WJ, Law B, Gay NJ, Walld R, Brownell M, Roos L, De Serres G. Epidemiology of varicella zoster virus infection in Canada and the United Kingdom. Epidemiol Infect 2001;27:305–314.
      1. Hope-Simpson RE. The nature of herpes zoster: a long-term study and a new hypothesis. Proc R Soc Med 1965;58:9–20.
      1. Donahue JG, Choo PW, Manson JE, Platt R. The incidence of herpes zoster. Arch Intern Med 1995;155:1605–1609.
      1. Gilden DH, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, LaGuardia JJ, Mahalingam R, Cohrs RJ. Neurologic complications of the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus. N Engl J Med 2000;342:635–645.
      1. Gnann JW Jr, Whitley RJ. Clinical practice. Herpes zoster. N Engl J Med 2002;347:340–346.
      1. Thomas SL, Hall AJ. What does epidemiology tell us about risk factors for herpes zoster? Lancet Infect Dis 2004;4:26–33.
      1. Hope-Simpson RE. Postherpetic neuralgia. J R Coll Gen Pract 1975;25:571–575.
      1. Kost RG, Straus SE. Postherpetic neuralgia--pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. N Engl J Med 1996;335:32–42.
      1. Population census 2005. Age over 60 years, City and province statistics. KOSIS.
        Available at: http://www.kosis.kr.Accessed23October2007.
      1. Park SY, Kim JY, Kim CD, Kim CW, Lee KS. A clinical study on herpes zoster during the last 10-year-period (1994-2003). Korean J Dermatol 2004;42:1531–1535.
      1. Kang CI, Choi CM, Hong SS, Kim HB, Kim NJ, Oh MD, Choe KW. The incidence of herpes zoster in otherwise healthy young soldiers of korean army. Infect Chemother 2006;38:45–46.
      1. Kim SY, Cho BH, Kim JH. A 5 - Year Clinical Study on Herpes Zoster: 1990 - 1994. Korean J Dermatol 1997;35:266–272.
      1. Shin DY, Koo DW. Statistical analysis of herpes zoster in chuncheon and the northern kangwon province ( 1994-1996 ). Korean J Dermatol 1998;36:422–429.
      1. Jumaan AO, Yu O, Jackson LA, Bohlke K, Galil K, Seward JF. Incidence of herpes zoster, before and after varicella-vaccination-associated decreases in the incidence of varicella, 1992-2002. J Infect Dis 2005;191:2002–2007.
      1. Adams SG, Dohner DE, Gelb LD. Restriction fragment differences between the genomes of the Oka varicella vaccine virus and American wild-type varicella-zoster virus. J Med Virol 1989;29:38–45.
      1. Yih WK, Brooks DR, Lett SM, Jumaan AO, Zhang Z, Clements KM, Seward JF. The incidence of varicella and herpes zoster in Massachusetts as measured by the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) during a period of increasing varicella vaccine coverage, 1998-2003. BMC Public Health 2005;5:68.
      1. LaRussa P, Lungu O, Hardy I, Gershon A, Steinberg SP, Silverstein S. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of polymerase chain reaction products from vaccine and wild-type varicella-zoster virus isolates. J Virol 1992;66:1016–1020.
      1. Loparev VN, Gonzalez A, Deleon-Carnes M, Tipples G, Fickenscher H, Torfason EG, Schmid DS. Global identification of three major genotypes of varicella-zoster virus: longitudinal clustering and strategies for genotyping. J Virol 2004;78:8349–8358.
      1. Kilgore PE, Kruszon-Moran D, Seward JF, Jumaan A, Van Loon FP, Forghani B, McQuillan GM, Wharton M, Fehrs LJ, Cossen CK, Hadler SC. Varicella in Americans from NHANES III: implications for control through routine immunization. J Med Virol 2003;70 Suppl 1:S111–S118.
      1. Dayan GH, Panero MS, Debbag R, Urquiza A, Molina M, Prieto S, Del Carmen Perego M, Scagliotti G, Galimberti D, Carroli G, Wolff C, Schmid DS, Loparev V, Guris D, Seward J. Varicella seroprevalence and molecular epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus in Argentina, 2002. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42:5698–5704.
      1. Choi HJ, Shim YS, Jeong SY. Susceptibility of health care workers to measles, rubella, and varicella at a university hospital. Infect Chemother 2003;35:401–406.
      1. Kim OJ, Kim SS, Choi BS, Suh SD, Lee MW, Kim KS, Park MS, Lee JS. Consistency of the low seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 and the rarity of kaposi`s sarcoma in south Korea. J Bacteriol Virol 2001;31:275–279.
      1. Shin HS, Oh HS, Kim SM, Joong KN, Choi HJ, Oh MD, Lee HJ, Choe KW. Prevalence of measles, rubella and varicellazoster antibodies in hospital personnel. Korean J Infect Dis 1997;29:29–32.
      1. Arvin A. Aging, immunity, and the varicella-zoster virus. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2266–2267.
      1. Arvin AM. Humoral and cellular immunity to varicella-zoster virus: an overview. J Infect Dis 2008;197 Suppl 2:S58–S60.
      1. Schmader K, Gnann JW Jr, Watson CP. The epidemiological, clinical, and pathological rationale for the herpes zoster vaccine. J Infect Dis 2008;197 Suppl 2:S207–S215.
      1. Yawn BP, Saddier P, Wollan PC, St Sauver JL, Kurland MJ, Sy LS. A population-based study of the incidence and complication rates of herpes zoster before zoster vaccine introduction. Mayo Clin Proc 2007;82:1341–1349.
      1. Dworkin RH, Schmader KE. Treatment and prevention of postherpetic neuralgia. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:877–882.
      1. Davison AJ, Scott JE. The complete DNA sequence of varicella-zoster virus. J Gen Virol 1986;67:1759–1816.
      1. Sauerbrei A, Wutzler P. Different genotype pattern of varicella-zoster virus obtained from patients with varicella and zoster in Germany. J Med Virol 2007;79:1025–1031.
      1. Muir WB, Nichols R, Breuer J. Phylogenetic analysis of varicella-zoster virus: evidence of intercontinental spread of genotypes and recombination. J Virol 2002;76:1971–1979.
      1. Sengupta N, Taha Y, Scott FT, Leedham-Green ME, Quinlivan M, Breuer J. Varicella-zoster-virus genotypes in East London: a prospective study in patients with herpes zoster. J Infect Dis 2007;196:1014–1020.
      1. Loparev VN, Rubtcova EN, Bostik V, Govil D, Birch CJ, Druce JD, Schmid DS, Croxson MC. Identification of five major and two minor genotypes of varicella-zoster virus strains: a practical two-amplicon approach used to genotype clinical isolates in Australia and New Zealand. J Virol 2007;81:12758–12765.
      1. Loparev V, Martro E, Rubtcova E, Rodrigo C, Piette JC, Caumes E, Vernant JP, Schmid DS, Fillet AM. Toward universal varicella-zoster virus (VZV) genotyping: diversity of VZV strains from France and Spain. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45:559–563.
      1. Sauerbrei A, Zell R, Philipps A, Wutzler P. Genotypes of varicella-zoster virus wild-type strains in Germany. J Med Virol 2008;80:1123–1130.
      1. Takayama M, Takayama N, Inoue N, Kameoka Y. Application of long PCR method of identification of variations in nucleotide sequences among varicella-zoster virus isolates. J Clin Microbiol 1996;34:2869–2874.
      1. Argaw T, Cohen JI, Klutch M, Lekstrom K, Yoshikawa T, Asano Y, Krause PR. Nucleotide sequences that distinguish Oka vaccine from parental Oka and other varicella-zoster virus isolates. J Infect Dis 2000;181:1153–1157.
      1. Gomi Y, Sunamachi H, Mori Y, Nagaike K, Takahashi M, Yamanishi K. Comparison of the complete DNA sequences of the Oka varicella vaccine and its parental virus. J Virol 2002;76:11447–11459.
      1. Loparev VN, Argaw T, Krause PR, Takayama M, Schmid DS. Improved identification and differentiation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) wild-type strains and an attenuated varicella vaccine strain using a VZV open reading frame 62-based PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38:3156–3160.
      1. Quinlivan M, Hawrami K, Barrett-Muir W, Aaby P, Arvin A, Chow VT, John TJ, Matondo P, Peiris M, Poulsen A, Siqueira M, Takahashi M, Talukder Y, Yamanishi K, Leedham-Green M, Scott FT, Thomas SL, Breuer J. The molecular epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus: evidence for geographic segregation. J Infect Dis 2002;186:888–894.
      1. Barrett-Muir W, Scott FT, Aaby P, John J, Matondo P, Chaudhry QL, Siqueira M, Poulsen A, Yaminishi K, Breuer J. Genetic variation of varicella-zoster virus: evidence for geographical separation of strains. J Med Virol 2003;70 Suppl 1:S42–S47.
      1. Faga B, Maury W, Bruckner DA, Grose C. Identification and mapping of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the varicellazoster virus genome. Virology 2001;280:1–6.
      1. Park HK, Seoh JY. Antigen analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphysm of the polymerase chain reaction products of Varicella-Zoster virus wild strains isolated in Korea. J Korean Soc Microbiol 1997;32:265–274.
    Cited by
    Crossref 6
    Google Scholar 
    MeSH Terms
    Adult
    Aged
    Animals
    Cell Culture Techniques
    Chickenpox
    Digestion
    Ecthyma, Contagious
    Ganglia
    Genotype
    Herpes Zoster
    Herpesvirus 3, Human
    Humans
    Immunoglobulin G
    Korea
    Neuralgia, Postherpetic
    Neurons
    Polymerase Chain Reaction
    Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
    Population Characteristics
    Prevalence
    Seroepidemiologic Studies
    Metrics
    Share
    Figures
    slide

    1 / 1

    Tables
    slide
    slide
    slide
    slide
    slide
    slide

    1 / 6

    PERMALINK