Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
University of Tikrit - College of Dentistry
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate serum estrogen, magnesium level and body mass index of 30 women with premature ovarian failure and 30 women as control group attended to emergency department/ Tikrit teaching hospital in Tikrit City Their ages ranged between 40-48 years. The samples collection started from October /2012 till January /2013. The results showed that serum estrogen level of premature ovarian failure women was statistically significantly P ˂0.05 lower than in control group. Also the mean serum magnesium in premature ovarian failure women was significantly lower than in normal group p˂0.01 .This study showed that body mass index in patient women was significantly higher when compared with control group p˂0.05.
Keywords
Main Subjects
- North American Menopause Society. (2007). Menopause practice: A Clinician´s Guide. 3rd. Cleveland, OH: North American Menopause Society;
- Jacobsen, B.K., Heuch, I., and Kvale, G., (2003). Age at natural menopause and all-cause mortality: a 37-year follow-up of 19,731 Norwegian women. Am J Epidemiol. 157:923–929.
- Rocca, W.A., Shuster, L.T., Grossardt, B.R., Maraganore, D.M., Gostout, B.S., and Geda, Y.E., ( 2009). Long-term effects of bilateral oophorectomy on brain aging: unanswered questions from the Mayo Clinic Cohort Study of Oophorectomy and Aging. Women's Health (Lond Engl) 5:39-48.
- Nelson, L.M., (2009). Clinical practice. Primary ovarian insufficiency. N Engl J Med. 360:606–614.
- Panay, N., and Kalu, E., (2009). Management of premature ovarian failure. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 23:129–140.
- Santoro, N., (2003). Mechanisms of premature ovarian failure. Ann Endocrinol 64:87–92.
- Alexander, E., and Knight, K., (2005).100 Questions & Answers About Menopause. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett publisher.
- Francis, S., Greenspan, MD., FACP David, G., and Gardner, MD., (2004). Basic and Clinical Endocrinology 7th. Edition P: 314-320.
- Gallagher, JC., (2007). Effect of early menopause on bone mineral density and fractures. Menopause. 14:567–571.
- 10. Kalantaridou, SN., Naka , KK., Papanikolaou, E., Kazakos, N., Kravariti, M., and Calis, KA. (2004). Impaired endothelial function in young women with premature ovarian failure: normalization with hormone therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 89:3907–3913.
- 11. Atsma, F., Bartelink , ML., Grobbee, DE., and van der Schouw, YT., (2006). Postmenopausal status and early menopause as independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. Menopause. 13:265–279.
- 13. Lokkegaard, E., Jovanovic, Z., Heitmann, B.L., Keiding, N., Ottesen, B., and Pedersen, A.T., (2006). The association between early menopause and risk of ischemic heart disease: influence of hormone therapy. Maturitas. 53:226–233.
- 14. HAMERS, N ., SMITZ, J. L̕., and HOIR, A., (2001). Interet des controles externs de la qualite dans le suivi des performances des trousses illustre par un exenple du immunoanal. Biol.Spec 16:419-422.
15. Young, D.S.,(1995). Effect of Drugs on clinical laboratory test, 4th Ed.p:3-410 to 3-414.
16. World health organization. (1995). physical status: report of a WHO expert conittee.world health Tech Rep Ser 854:1-452.
17. Snedecor, G.W., and Cochran, W.G., (1978). 6th ed. Statistical methods the IOWA STATE Univ. press. USA,
18. Nelson, LM. (2009). Clinical practice. Primary ovarian insufficiency. N Engl J Med 360:606.
- 20. Beck-Peccoz P, Persani L (2006). "Premature ovarian failure". Orphanet J Rare Dis 1: 9. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-1-9. PMC 1502130. PMID 16722528
21. Archer, DF., (2009). Premature menopause increases cardiovascular risk. Climacteric 12 Suppl 1:26-31.
22. Parhami, F., Basseri, B., Hwang, J., Tintut, Y., Demer, LL., (2002).High-density lipoprotein regulates calcification of vascular cells. Circ Res, 91:570-576.
23. King, MW., (2002). Cholesterol and Bile Metabolism: Biosynthesis of Cholesterol, Regulation of Cholesterol Synthesis Indiana State Univ, School of Medicine.
- 24. Harvey, (2005). Biochemistry: 3rd Edition, Baltimore: Lippincott, pp. 235-238.
- 25. NAMS, (2007). Continuing Medical Education Activity. Menopause. 14:555.
- 26. Rosanoff , A., Seelig, MS., (2004). Comparison of mechanism and functional effects of magnesium and statin pharmaceuticals. J Am Coll 23: 5015-5055.
27. Risco, F.,and Traba, M L., (2004). Bone specific binding sites for 1, 25(OH) 2D3 in magnesium deficiency. J Physiol BiochemSep; 60 (3): 199-203.
28. Goldsmith, N.F., (1971). Physiologic relationship between magnesium and the female reproductive apparatus. Serummagnesium variations in normal subjects; the effect of estrogen on magnesium distribution. Proc First Intl Sympos Mg, Ed J Durlach, Vittel, France 1:439-458, .
29. Norman, RJ., Noakes ,M., Wu, R., Davies, MJ., Moran, L., Wang, JX., (2004).Improving reproductive performance in overweight /obese women with effective weight management. Hum Reprod Update. 10:267–80.
- 30. Steen, B., Estrogen controls lipolysis by up-regulating a2A-adrenergic receptors directly in human adipose tissue through the estrogen receptor a. Implications for the female fat distribution. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2004) 89:1869.
- 31. Tworoger, SS., Eliassen, AH., Missmer, SA., Baer, H., Rich-Edwards, J.,and Michels, K.B., (2006). Birth weight and body size throughout life in relation to sex hormones and prolactin concentrations in premenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Dec; 15(12):2494-2501. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0671.
32. Potischman, N., (1996). Reversal of relation between body mass and endogenous estrogen concentrations with menopausal status. J Natl Cancer Inst 88:756.