Designing a Bistatic Backscatter Communications System with OFDM for 6G
Internet of Things
Abstract
Backscatter communications can enable the proliferation of Zero-energy
(ZE) Internet of Things (IoT) services in 6G, ushering in a new era in
green communications. To achieve a widescale adoption, backscatter
communications needs to be integrated into the cellular ecosystem. This
motivates the need to design a bistatic backscatter modulation technique
which is not only compatible with the 3GPP New Radio (NR) physical layer
but also robust to direct link interference. In this paper, a
non-ambient bistatic backscatter communications system consisting of a
cellular carrier emitter (CE), a backscatter device (BD) and a cellular
reader (RD) is investigated. An analytical model is presented to explain
the design rationale for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
(OFDM) based physical layer for the considered system. Specifically, to
achieve orthogonality between the CE and BD signals arriving
concurrently at the RD, a comb-like OFDM subcarrier allocation is
leveraged at the CE while a specially designed impedance switching
sequence is applied at the BD to generate OFDM-compatible backscatter
symbols with a binary or higher-order phase shift keying modulation. The
link performance of the proposed system is evaluated in terms of the
achievable bit error rate versus the signal-to-noise ratio at the RD for
the CE-RD link and the BD-RD link under direct link interference.
Simulation results confirm the viability of the proposed design for a
cellular ZE-IoT system.