이 글은 四未軒 張福樞(1815~1900)의 학문성향 및 四書 해석의 특징과 의미를 추적해 본 것이다. 장복추의 학문정신은 이황의 居敬ㆍ窮理 위주의 성향과 조식의 居敬․力行 위주의 성향을 통합하여 이론적 탐구와 실천적 수행을 兼取한 데 있다. 이런 그의 학문정신에 의해 완성한 학술적 업적이 『숙흥야매잠집설』이다. 그는 <숙흥야매잠>에 관한 諸說을 集成하는 이론적인 탐구에만 진력한 것이 아니라, 그 내용을 현실의 생활 속에서 그대로 실천 수행하려고까지 하였다.
장복추는 사서를 해석하면서 우선 章ㆍ篇 및 全篇의 요지를 일관된 구조 속에서 이해하여 立言大旨 파악에 중점을 두었으며, 다음에는 字句의 意味와 義理를 파악하는 데 역점을 두었다. 그의 사서해석의 특징을 현전하는 『중용』ㆍ『맹자』의 해석을 통해 요약하면 다음과 같다. 『중용』 해석의 특징은, 첫째 독창적인 三分大節說을 주장하고, 둘째 전편의 요지를 實理ㆍ實德ㆍ實用ㆍ實心의 實을 중시하는 군자의 入德工夫와 成德效驗으로 파악하고, 셋째 『중용』의 성격을 敎를 말미암아 德으로 들어가는 자의 일을 말한 것으로 보고, 넷째 삼분대절설을 주장하면서도 주자의 四分大節說의 요지인 中庸ㆍ費隱ㆍ天道人道와 맥락이 관통하도록 해석을 곁들이고 있다는 점 등을 들 수 있다. 『맹자』 해석의 특징은, 첫째 전편의 요지를 한 장의 <鄒書之圖>로 그렸다는 것, 둘째 전편의 요지를 自任ㆍ論學ㆍ辨異道 등으로 분류하고 체계화하여 立言大旨를 파악하는 해석이 주안점을 이루고 있다는 것 등을 들 수 있다.
In this article, I traced Sa-mi-heon(四未軒) Jang, Bok-chu(張福樞, 1815-1900)'s academic tendency which categorized in 3 items, the attitude, method, and mind, after inspecting his Four Books(四書) interpretation and it significance. His learning mind possessed both character of Yi, Hwang's studying the law of nature(居敬窮理) and Jo, Sik's practicing the doctrone of Confucianism(居敬力行). As the result of his learnig, he brought out the masterpiece of [Suk-heung-ya-mae-jam-jip-seol(夙興夜寐箴集說)]. While performing this research, he not only stopped at theoretical inquiry but also tried to practice the method about its content of [Suk-heung-ya-mae-jam-jip-seol] in the real world. I paid attention to grasping the outline of Jang, Bok-chu's Four Books interpretation in the structure of all chapters and sections, after of it, I tried to the quite meaning of each phrase or character. Because his interpretation of [Dae-hak(『大學』)] and [Analects of Confucius] were lost, so it was impossible to examine the whole face of interpretation significance. However, I could running on the study of [Jung-yong(『中庸』)] and [Maeng-ja(『孟子』)] interpretation significances. The significances of Jang, Bok-chu's [Jung-yong] interpretation are summarized as follows: 1.He brought out creative structure dividing to 3 great parts. 2.He regarded the whole meaning of all parts as 'ip-deok-gong-bu(入德工夫)' and 'seong-deok-hyo-heom(成德效驗)' which means 'real(實)' as the case of 'sol-li(實理), sil-deok(實德), sil-yong(實用), sil-sim(實心)'. 3.He insisted that the character of [Jung-yong] is the entrance to 'deok(德)' from 'gyo(敎)'. 4.He dealed with the interetation way of dividing to 4 great part(四分大節說) which include 'jung-yong(中庸), bi-eun(費隱), cheon-do and in-do(天道人道) adding to his 3 great part division. The significances of Jang, Bok-chu's [Maeng-ja] interpretation are summarized as follows: 1. He described [The Diagram of Chu-seo(「鄒書之圖」)] to explain the whole meaning of it. 2. He categorized and embodied the main idea into 'ja-im(自任)', 'non-hak(論學)', 'byeon-yi-do(辨異道)'.
In this article, I traced Sa-mi-heon(四未軒) Jang, Bok-chu(張福樞, 1815-1900)'s academic tendency which categorized in 3 items, the attitude, method, and mind, after inspecting his Four Books(四書) interpretation and it significance. His learning mind possessed both character of Yi, Hwang's studying the law of nature(居敬窮理) and Jo, Sik's practicing the doctrone of Confucianism(居敬力行). As the result of his learnig, he brought out the masterpiece of [Suk-heung-ya-mae-jam-jip-seol(夙興夜寐箴集說)]. While performing this research, he not only stopped at theoretical inquiry but also tried to practice the method about its content of [Suk-heung-ya-mae-jam-jip-seol] in the real world. I paid attention to grasping the outline of Jang, Bok-chu's Four Books interpretation in the structure of all chapters and sections, after of it, I tried to the quite meaning of each phrase or character. Because his interpretation of [Dae-hak(『大學』)] and [Analects of Confucius] were lost, so it was impossible to examine the whole face of interpretation significance. However, I could running on the study of [Jung-yong(『中庸』)] and [Maeng-ja(『孟子』)] interpretation significances. The significances of Jang, Bok-chu's [Jung-yong] interpretation are summarized as follows: 1.He brought out creative structure dividing to 3 great parts. 2.He regarded the whole meaning of all parts as 'ip-deok-gong-bu(入德工夫)' and 'seong-deok-hyo-heom(成德效驗)' which means 'real(實)' as the case of 'sol-li(實理), sil-deok(實德), sil-yong(實用), sil-sim(實心)'. 3.He insisted that the character of [Jung-yong] is the entrance to 'deok(德)' from 'gyo(敎)'. 4.He dealed with the interetation way of dividing to 4 great part(四分大節說) which include 'jung-yong(中庸), bi-eun(費隱), cheon-do and in-do(天道人道) adding to his 3 great part division. The significances of Jang, Bok-chu's [Maeng-ja] interpretation are summarized as follows: 1. He described [The Diagram of Chu-seo(「鄒書之圖」)] to explain the whole meaning of it. 2. He categorized and embodied the main idea into 'ja-im(自任)', 'non-hak(論學)', 'byeon-yi-do(辨異道)'.
