성서에서 하나님이 인간에게 최초로 하신 선언(창1:28)은 아리스토텔레스적으로 해석하면 <행복하게 살라>는 말씀이다. 인간의 존재 이유는 행복을 누리며 사는 것이다. 그것이 곧 참 자기를 실현하는 길이며, 하나님의 의도하신 바, 인간의 원초적 운명이다.
아리스토텔레스에 의하면, 인간의 존재 이유는 행복이며 우리가 추구해 가야 할 삶의 궁극적 목적이다. 토마스 아퀴나스는 至福을 말한다. 그러나 그 지복은 우리의 능력을 초월해 있기 때문에 이성의 빛에 의해서가 아니라, 은총의 빛에 의해서만 가능하다.
정신분석학자 프로이드에 의하면 종교는 정신 건강을 와해시키는 환상이며 일종의 질병이다. 죄책감, 억제된 성욕, 억눌린 정서 등을 수반하는 강박노이로제일 수 있다. 사회심리학자 데이비드 마이어스에 의하면 행복은 일시적인 희열이 아니다. 비록 겉으로 흐르는 거품이 있다 해도 강물 밑바닥에 흔들리지 않고 도도하게 흐르는 물줄기에 행복의 근원이 존재한다.
틸리히는 우리들의 시대를 위한 기독교 메시지를 <새로운 존재>라 하였다. 그 것은 예수 그리스도와 더불어 가능하다. 기독자가 추구하는 행복은 그 새로운 존재와 더불어 가능하다. 본 논문은 행복의 제 요소를 <사랑> <자유> 그리고 <자기실현>으로 요약하려 한다. 그리고 그 요소들을 목회 상담학적 관점에서 그 의미하는 바를 조명하려 한다.
The first proclamation of God for human being written in the Bible, from the perspective of Aristoteles, can be interpreted as follows: Do live happy life. It is the way of actualizing the true self and the original fate of human being destined by God. According to Aristoteles, the raison detre of the human being is happiness and it is also the ultimate goal of human life with which we should pursue. Thomas Aquinas says the bliss. However, it transcends over our capacity. Therefore, it is possible to accomplish the bliss not by the light of the reason but by the light of the Grace. Freud, a psychoanalyst, sees the religion as an illusion and a disease to collapse human mental health. It could be a compulsive neuroses accompanied with the guilty, the oppressed sexuality, and the oppressed emotion. David Myers, a social psychologist sees the happiness as not a transient joy. Even though a lots of lather is worked up outside, there exists a stream as the fountain of happiness flowing a rush under the river, without any shaking up. Paul Tillich delivered a message for our age: New Being. It is possible with Jesus Christ. The happiness pursued by Christian is possible only with the New Being. Based upon such an idea, this essay will summarize the three elements of the happiness as follows: Love, Freedom and Self-actualization. These three elements will be pursued from the perspective of pastoral counseling.
The first proclamation of God for human being written in the Bible, from the perspective of Aristoteles, can be interpreted as follows: Do live happy life. It is the way of actualizing the true self and the original fate of human being destined by God. According to Aristoteles, the raison detre of the human being is happiness and it is also the ultimate goal of human life with which we should pursue. Thomas Aquinas says the bliss. However, it transcends over our capacity. Therefore, it is possible to accomplish the bliss not by the light of the reason but by the light of the Grace. Freud, a psychoanalyst, sees the religion as an illusion and a disease to collapse human mental health. It could be a compulsive neuroses accompanied with the guilty, the oppressed sexuality, and the oppressed emotion. David Myers, a social psychologist sees the happiness as not a transient joy. Even though a lots of lather is worked up outside, there exists a stream as the fountain of happiness flowing a rush under the river, without any shaking up. Paul Tillich delivered a message for our age: New Being. It is possible with Jesus Christ. The happiness pursued by Christian is possible only with the New Being. Based upon such an idea, this essay will summarize the three elements of the happiness as follows: Love, Freedom and Self-actualization. These three elements will be pursued from the perspective of pastoral counseling.