금나라 張氏 묘지석 補釋

｢金贈光祿大夫張行願墓誌｣, ｢金張汝猷墓誌｣를 중심으로

본 논문은 ｢金贈光祿大夫張行願墓誌｣, ｢金張汝猷墓誌｣를 통해 장씨 일족의 제반 사항과 고구려계 북방민족 유예의 실상을 살펴보았다. 고구려가 멸망한 뒤 발해, 요나라를 거쳐 금나라에 이르기까지 5백여 년이 지났어도 고구려의 정체성을 잃지 않고 살아간 장씨 일족들이 있다. 장씨 일족은 항상 멀리는 고구려 유예, 가까이는 발해 유예라는 잠재의식을 가지고 활동했다. 장씨 일족의 선조는 원래 고구려 동명왕의 유예였다. 고구려가 멸망한 뒤 발해를 거쳐 요양으로 옮겨 요나라에서 활동했다. 요동 공훈 집안 가운데 장씨 집안이 제일이라는 묘지석의 명문은 결코 과장된 표현이 아니었다. 장씨 일족은 금나라 건국에 적극적으로 참여하여 중앙 무대로 진출하였다. 이후 후손들은 분분히 진사 급제와 음서로 출사하여 자신들의 집안 세력을 형성하였다. 또 요동 명문 집안과의 통혼, 관료 생활에서 자신들의 탁월한 재능과 뛰어난 정무 감각을 발휘하여 황실 권력과 가까이 지내면서 집안의 위상을 드높였다.

This paper investigated the overall aspects of Jang(張; Zhang) s family during Jin Dynasty and the actual status in life of the displaced persons of Goguryeo‘s Northern Peoples(高句麗系 北方民族) by examining 『Geum jeung gwanglog daebu Jang haeng-won myoji(金贈光祿大夫張行願墓誌)』 and 『Geum Jang yeoyu myoji(金張汝猷墓誌)』. Jang s family had lived with keeping the identity of Goguryeo for about 500 years after a fall of Goguryeo, passing through Balhae(渤海) and Liao Dynasty(遼朝), reaching Jin Dynasty(金朝). Jang s family had always lived subconscious notion that they were the displaced persons of either Goguryeo from the long-standing perspective or Balhae that was not too long ago. The Jang s family were originally stemmed from King Dong myeong(東明王) of Goguryeo. After Goguryeo collapsed, they moved to Balhae and finally settled in Liaoyang of Liao Dynasty, since then had lived there. The carved sentences on the gravestone, which says that the Jang s family is the first ranked as a prestigious house of Liaodong, were never rhetorically expressed. They played a major role actively in the founding of Jin Dynasty to advance to the core of political power. Afterwards, they had frequently been taken positions as a government official via passing the Jinsa(進士) exam or the hereditary position as a success of the father, thereby forming the family influence. In addition, the Jang s family was able to raise the prestige of the family by maintaining a close relationship with the power of imperial family of Jin Dynasty through marriage to distinguished families in Liaodong area as well as outstanding talent and political acumen of individuals in terms of bureaucratic life.