Comparative Analysis of Volatile Compounds of Gamma-Irradiated Mutants of Rose (Rosa hybrida)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Flower Morphological Characteristics
2.2. Analysis of Oil Content and Volatile Compounds
2.3. Chemical Hierarchical Cluster and PCA Analysis
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material
4.2. GC-MS Analysis of Volatile Compounds
4.3. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Names | Flower Color | Petal Numbers | Original Cultivars |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Aqua | Red-purple (N62A *) | Normal ** | |
2 | CR-S7 | White pink (N62D) | Low | Aqua |
3 | Blackbeauty | Black red (N46B) | Normal | |
4 | CR-S2 | Black pink (N46B) with white mosaic | Normal | Blackbeauty |
5 | Haetsal | Pale pink (N49C) | Normal | |
6 | CR-S5 | Ivory (N11D) | Normal | Haetsal |
7 | Vital | Cherry red (N41B) | Normal | |
8 | CR-S1 | Orang red (N30C) | Normal | Vital |
9 | CR-S3 | Orang red (N32B) | Normal | Vital |
10 | CR-S4 | Red (N41A) | Normal | Vital |
11 | Yellowbabe | Yellow (N9A) | Normal | |
12 | CR-S6 | Orange (N25B) | Normal | Yellowbabe |
13 | Lovelydia | Red purple (N74B) | Normal | |
14 | CR-S8 | Red purple (N74D) | Normal | Lovelydia |
15 | CR-S9 | Red purple (N74B) | High | Lovelydia |
16 | CR-S10 | Light beige (N36C) | Normal | Lovelydia |
17 | CR-S11 | Orange purple (N68C) | Normal | Lovelydia |
18 | CR-S12 | Red purple with white mosaic (N74C) | High | Lovelydia |
Line Names | No. | RT | Compound Names | MF | RI | MW | Rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aqua | 1 | 42.01 | 2-methylhexacosane | C27H56 | 2700 | 380 | 14.0 |
2 | 44.90 | Nonacosane | C29H60 | 2900 | 408 | 13.5 | |
3 | 38.81 | 2-methyltricosane | C24H50 | 2541 | 338 | 10.2 | |
4 | 47.65 | Hentriacontane | C31H64 | 3100 | 436 | 7.7 | |
5 | 45.27 | Octacosanol | C28H58O | 2927 | 410 | 6.5 | |
6 | 35.39 | Tricosane | C23H48 | 2300 | 324 | 6.1 | |
7 | 42.33 | Tetracosyl pentafluoropropionate | C27H49F5O2 | 2710 | 500 | 4.7 | |
8 | 45.10 | 1-Triacontanol | C30H42O | 2915 | 438 | 3.6 | |
9 | 43.43 | Octacosane | C28H58 | 2800 | 394 | 3.1 | |
10 | 42.96 | (Z)-14-Tricosenyl formate | C24H46O2 | 2731 | 366 | 2.7 | |
CR-S7 | 1 | 42.01 | 2-methylhexacosane | C27H56 | 2700 | 380 | 19.6 |
2 | 44.90 | Nonacosane | C29H60 | 2900 | 408 | 10.4 | |
3 | 38.81 | 2-methyltricosane | C24H50 | 2541 | 338 | 9.9 | |
4 | 47.65 | Hentriacontane | C31H64 | 3100 | 436 | 8.0 | |
5 | 45.27 | Octacosanol | C28H58O | 2927 | 410 | 6.4 | |
6 | 35.39 | Tricosane | C23H48 | 2300 | 324 | 6.1 | |
7 | 42.33 | Tetracosyl pentafluoropropionate | C27H49F5O2 | 2710 | 500 | 5.0 | |
8 | 48.01 | Heptacosyl heptafluorobutyrate | C31H55F7O2 | 3128 | 592 | 2.0 | |
9 | 50.22 | Tritriacontane | C33H68 | 3300 | 464 | 1.9 | |
10 | 10.17 | Dodecane | C12H26 | 1200 | 170 | 1.9 | |
Blackbeauty | 1 | 42.01 | 2-methylhexacosane | C27H56 | 2700 | 380 | 18.7 |
2 | 44.90 | Nonacosane | C29H60 | 2900 | 408 | 14.6 | |
3 | 38.81 | 2-methyltricosane | C24H50 | 2541 | 338 | 9.3 | |
4 | 45.27 | Octacosanol | C28H58O | 2927 | 410 | 6.8 | |
5 | 47.65 | Hentriacontane | C31H64 | 3100 | 436 | 5.9 | |
6 | 35.39 | Tricosane | C23H48 | 2300 | 324 | 5.8 | |
7 | 42.33 | Tetracosyl pentafluoropropionate | C27H49F5O2 | 2710 | 500 | 4.9 | |
8 | 31.68 | Heneicosane | C21H42 | 2100 | 296 | 4.4 | |
9 | 45.10 | 1-Triacontanol | C30H42O | 2915 | 438 | 3.6 | |
10 | 43.43 | Octacosane | C28H58 | 2800 | 394 | 1.8 | |
CR-S2 | 1 | 42.01 | 2-methylhexacosane | C27H56 | 2700 | 380 | 17.6 |
2 | 44.90 | Nonacosane | C29H60 | 2900 | 408 | 16.9 | |
3 | 38.81 | 2-methyltricosane | C24H50 | 2541 | 338 | 8.2 | |
4 | 45.10 | 1-Triacontanol | C30H42O | 2915 | 438 | 5.8 | |
5 | 47.65 | Hentriacontane | C31H64 | 3100 | 436 | 5.3 | |
6 | 35.39 | Tricosane | C23H48 | 2300 | 324 | 4.8 | |
7 | 36.35 | Octanoic acid tetradecyl ester | C22H44O2 | 2356 | 340 | 4.6 | |
8 | 42.96 | (Z)-14-Tricosenyl formate | C24H46O2 | 2731 | 366 | 4.0 | |
9 | 43.43 | Octacosane | C28H58 | 2800 | 394 | 3.4 | |
10 | 31.68 | Heneicosane | C21H42 | 2100 | 296 | 3.3 | |
Haetsal | 1 | 42.01 | 2-methylhexacosane | C27H56 | 2700 | 380 | 16.4 |
2 | 38.81 | 2-methyltricosane | C24H50 | 2541 | 338 | 14.8 | |
3 | 42.33 | Tetracosyl pentafluoropropionate | C27H49F5O2 | 2710 | 500 | 6.8 | |
4 | 35.39 | Tricosane | C23H48 | 2300 | 324 | 6.6 | |
5 | 31.68 | Heneicosane | C21H42 | 2100 | 296 | 5.7 | |
6 | 27.62 | 1-Decanol, 2-octyl- | C18H38O | 1903 | 270 | 5.0 | |
7 | 47.65 | Hentriacontane | C31H64 | 3100 | 436 | 4.9 | |
8 | 44.90 | Nonacosane | C29H60 | 2900 | 408 | 4.4 | |
9 | 39.12 | n-Tetracosanol-1 | C24H50O | 2551 | 354 | 3.9 | |
10 | 45.27 | Octacosanol | C28H58O | 2927 | 410 | 2.3 | |
CR-S5 | 1 | 42.01 | 2-methylhexacosane | C27H56 | 2700 | 380 | 17.5 |
2 | 38.81 | 2-methyltricosane | C24H50 | 2541 | 338 | 13.0 | |
3 | 27.62 | 1-Decanol, 2-octyl- | C18H38O | 1903 | 270 | 6.7 | |
4 | 31.68 | Heneicosane | C21H42 | 2100 | 296 | 6.6 | |
5 | 35.39 | Tricosane | C23H48 | 2300 | 324 | 6.4 | |
6 | 44.90 | Nonacosane | C29H60 | 2900 | 408 | 5.6 | |
7 | 42.33 | Tetracosyl pentafluoropropionate | C27H49F5O2 | 2710 | 500 | 4.9 | |
8 | 47.65 | Hentriacontane | C31H64 | 3100 | 436 | 3.8 | |
9 | 39.12 | n-Tetracosanol-1 | C24H50O | 2551 | 354 | 2.5 | |
10 | 45.27 | Octacosanol | C28H58O | 2927 | 410 | 2.4 | |
Vital | 1 | 42.01 | 2-methylhexacosane | C27H56 | 2700 | 380 | 22.0 |
2 | 38.81 | 2-methyltricosane | C24H50 | 2541 | 338 | 20.3 | |
3 | 35.39 | Tricosane | C23H48 | 2300 | 324 | 19.6 | |
4 | 31.68 | Heneicosane | C21H42 | 2100 | 296 | 5.6 | |
5 | 40.38 | Hexacosane | C26H54 | 2600 | 366 | 3.4 | |
6 | 35.71 | (Z)-9-Tricosene, | C23H46 | 2319 | 322 | 3.1 | |
7 | 39.76 | Tetracosanal | C24H48O | 2570 | 352 | 2.8 | |
8 | 39.12 | n-Tetracosanol-1 | C24H50O | 2551 | 354 | 2.6 | |
9 | 37.10 | Tetracosane | C24H50 | 2400 | 338 | 2.4 | |
10 | 15.66 | Tetradecane | C14H30 | 1400 | 198 | 1.5 | |
CR-S1 | 1 | 42.01 | 2-methylhexacosane | C27H56 | 2700 | 380 | 20.3 |
2 | 44.90 | Nonacosane | C29H60 | 2900 | 408 | 13.7 | |
3 | 38.81 | 2-methyltricosane | C24H50 | 2541 | 338 | 10.9 | |
4 | 35.39 | Tricosane | C23H48 | 2300 | 324 | 8.0 | |
5 | 47.65 | Hentriacontane | C31H64 | 3100 | 436 | 7.0 | |
6 | 42.33 | Tetracosyl pentafluoropropionate | C27H49F5O2 | 2710 | 500 | 4.8 | |
7 | 45.27 | Octacosanol | C28H58O | 2927 | 410 | 4.1 | |
8 | 50.22 | Tritriacontane | C33H68 | 3300 | 464 | 2.3 | |
9 | 31.68 | Heneicosane | C21H42 | 2100 | 296 | 2.0 | |
10 | 43.43 | Octacosane | C28H58 | 2800 | 394 | 1.7 | |
CR-S3 | 1 | 44.90 | Nonacosane | C29H60 | 2900 | 408 | 16.5 |
2 | 42.01 | 2-methylhexacosane | C27H56 | 2700 | 380 | 14.6 | |
3 | 38.81 | 2-methyltricosane | C24H50 | 2541 | 338 | 12.0 | |
4 | 35.39 | Tricosane | C23H48 | 2300 | 324 | 9.6 | |
5 | 47.65 | Hentriacontane | C31H64 | 3100 | 436 | 6.3 | |
6 | 45.27 | Octacosanol | C28H58O | 2927 | 410 | 5.7 | |
7 | 42.33 | Tetracosyl pentafluoropropionate | C27H49F5O2 | 2710 | 500 | 5.5 | |
8 | 43.43 | Octacosane | C28H58 | 2800 | 394 | 2.9 | |
9 | 31.68 | Heneicosane | C21H42 | 2100 | 296 | 2.8 | |
10 | 40.38 | Hexacosane | C26H54 | 2600 | 366 | 1.5 | |
CR-S4 | 1 | 42.01 | 2-methylhexacosane | C27H56 | 2700 | 380 | 14.5 |
2 | 38.81 | 2-methyltricosane | C24H50 | 2541 | 338 | 13.5 | |
3 | 35.39 | Tricosane | C23H48 | 2300 | 324 | 12.6 | |
4 | 44.90 | Nonacosane | C29H60 | 2900 | 408 | 11.0 | |
5 | 42.33 | Tetracosyl pentafluoropropionate | C27H49F5O2 | 2710 | 500 | 5.9 | |
6 | 47.65 | Hentriacontane | C31H64 | 3100 | 436 | 4.8 | |
7 | 45.27 | Octacosanol | C28H58O | 2927 | 410 | 4.1 | |
8 | 31.68 | Heneicosane | C21H42 | 2100 | 296 | 3.7 | |
9 | 35.71 | (Z)-9-Tricosene, | C23H46 | 2319 | 322 | 2.3 | |
10 | 49.54 | Octacosyl pentafluoropropionate | C31H57F5O2 | 3247 | 556 | 2.2 | |
Yellowbabe | 1 | 42.01 | 2-methylhexacosane | C27H56 | 2700 | 380 | 19.8 |
2 | 44.90 | Nonacosane | C29H60 | 2900 | 408 | 14.8 | |
3 | 35.39 | Tricosane | C23H48 | 2300 | 324 | 9.6 | |
4 | 38.81 | 2-methyltricosane | C24H50 | 2541 | 338 | 9.0 | |
5 | 31.68 | Heneicosane | C21H42 | 2100 | 296 | 7.6 | |
6 | 45.27 | Octacosanol | C28H58O | 2927 | 410 | 5.4 | |
7 | 42.33 | Tetracosyl pentafluoropropionate | C27H49F5O2 | 2710 | 500 | 5.3 | |
8 | 47.65 | Hentriacontane | C31H64 | 3100 | 436 | 2.8 | |
9 | 27.62 | 1-Decanol, 2-octyl- | C18H38O | 1903 | 270 | 2.7 | |
10 | 35.71 | (Z)-9-Tricosene, | C23H46 | 2319 | 322 | 1.7 | |
CR-S6 | 1 | 42.01 | 2-methylhexacosane | C27H56 | 2700 | 380 | 20.3 |
2 | 44.90 | Nonacosane | C29H60 | 2900 | 408 | 9.9 | |
3 | 35.39 | Tricosane | C23H48 | 2300 | 324 | 8.7 | |
4 | 38.81 | 2-methyltricosane | C24H50 | 2541 | 338 | 8.0 | |
5 | 31.68 | Heneicosane | C21H42 | 2100 | 296 | 6.9 | |
6 | 45.27 | Octacosanol | C28H58O | 2927 | 410 | 5.1 | |
7 | 42.33 | Tetracosyl pentafluoropropionate | C27H49F5O2 | 2710 | 500 | 4.8 | |
8 | 47.65 | Hentriacontane | C31H64 | 3100 | 436 | 4.7 | |
9 | 27.62 | 1-Decanol, 2-octyl- | C18H38O | 1903 | 270 | 3.0 | |
10 | 35.71 | (Z)-9-Tricosene | C23H46 | 2319 | 322 | 2.1 | |
Lovelydia | 1 | 42.01 | 2-methylhexacosane | C27H56 | 2700 | 380 | 16.8 |
2 | 38.81 | 2-methyltricosane | C24H50 | 2541 | 338 | 10.7 | |
3 | 27.62 | 1-Decanol, 2-octyl- | C18H38O | 1903 | 270 | 7.9 | |
4 | 44.90 | Nonacosane | C29H60 | 2900 | 408 | 7.8 | |
5 | 35.39 | Tricosane | C23H48 | 2300 | 324 | 6.7 | |
6 | 47.65 | Hentriacontane | C31H64 | 3100 | 436 | 6.6 | |
7 | 31.68 | Heneicosane | C21H42 | 2100 | 296 | 6.0 | |
8 | 42.33 | Tetracosyl pentafluoropropionate | C27H49F5O2 | 2710 | 500 | 4.9 | |
9 | 45.27 | Octacosanol | C28H58O | 2927 | 410 | 4.2 | |
10 | 50.22 | Tritriacontane | C33H68 | 3300 | 464 | 2.4 | |
CR-S8 | 1 | 42.01 | 2-methylhexacosane | C27H56 | 2700 | 380 | 20.7 |
2 | 44.90 | Nonacosane | C29H60 | 2900 | 408 | 17.5 | |
3 | 47.65 | Hentriacontane | C31H64 | 3100 | 436 | 8.7 | |
4 | 38.81 | 2-methyltricosane | C24H50 | 2541 | 338 | 8.0 | |
5 | 35.39 | Tricosane | C23H48 | 2300 | 324 | 6.5 | |
6 | 43.43 | Octacosane | C28H58 | 2800 | 394 | 3.0 | |
7 | 50.22 | Tritriacontane | C33H68 | 3300 | 464 | 2.9 | |
8 | 42.33 | Tetracosyl pentafluoropropionate | C27H49F5O2 | 2710 | 500 | 2.3 | |
9 | 13.54 | Acetic acid, trifluoroundecyl ester | C13H23F3O2 | 1343 | 268 | 2.2 | |
10 | 45.27 | Octacosanol | C28H58O | 2927 | 410 | 2.0 | |
CR-S9 | 1 | 42.01 | 2-methylhexacosane | C27H56 | 2700 | 380 | 22.8 |
2 | 44.90 | Nonacosane | C29H60 | 2900 | 408 | 15.9 | |
3 | 38.81 | 2-methyltricosane | C24H50 | 2541 | 338 | 8.4 | |
4 | 47.65 | Hentriacontane | C31H64 | 3100 | 436 | 7.6 | |
5 | 35.39 | Tricosane | C23H48 | 2300 | 324 | 4.4 | |
6 | 31.68 | Heneicosane | C21H42 | 2100 | 296 | 4.1 | |
7 | 43.43 | Octacosane | C28H58 | 2800 | 394 | 2.7 | |
8 | 45.27 | Octacosanol | C28H58O | 2927 | 410 | 2.1 | |
9 | 10.17 | Dodecane | C12H26 | 1200 | 170 | 2.0 | |
10 | 42.33 | Tetracosyl pentafluoropropionate | C27H49F5O2 | 2710 | 500 | 1.8 | |
CR-S10 | 1 | 42.01 | 2-methylhexacosane | C27H56 | 2700 | 380 | 17.9 |
2 | 38.81 | 2-methyltricosane | C24H50 | 2541 | 338 | 14.7 | |
3 | 44.90 | Nonacosane | C29H60 | 2900 | 408 | 9.2 | |
4 | 47.65 | Hentriacontane | C31H64 | 3100 | 436 | 8.4 | |
5 | 35.39 | Tricosane | C23H48 | 2300 | 324 | 6.6 | |
6 | 42.33 | Tetracosyl pentafluoropropionate | C27H49F5O2 | 2710 | 500 | 4.7 | |
7 | 31.68 | Heneicosane | C21H42 | 2100 | 296 | 4.6 | |
8 | 50.22 | Tritriacontane | C33H68 | 3300 | 464 | 3.3 | |
9 | 39.12 | n-Tetracosanol-1 | C24H50O | 2551 | 354 | 3.0 | |
10 | 45.27 | Octacosanol | C28H58O | 2927 | 410 | 2.0 | |
CR-S11 | 1 | 42.01 | 2-methylhexacosane | C27H56 | 2700 | 380 | 18.3 |
2 | 38.81 | 2-methyltricosane | C24H50 | 2541 | 338 | 12.4 | |
3 | 44.90 | Nonacosane | C29H60 | 2900 | 408 | 12.4 | |
4 | 35.39 | Tricosane | C23H48 | 2300 | 324 | 7.0 | |
5 | 31.68 | Heneicosane | C21H42 | 2100 | 296 | 6.7 | |
6 | 47.65 | Hentriacontane | C31H64 | 3100 | 436 | 5.0 | |
7 | 27.62 | 1-Decanol, 2-octyl- | C18H38O | 1903 | 270 | 4.9 | |
8 | 42.33 | Tetracosyl pentafluoropropionate | C27H49F5O2 | 2710 | 500 | 3.6 | |
9 | 45.27 | Octacosanol | C28H58O | 2927 | 410 | 3.0 | |
10 | 43.43 | Octacosane | C28H58 | 2800 | 394 | 2.4 | |
CR-S12 | 1 | 44.90 | Nonacosane | C29H60 | 2900 | 408 | 18.7 |
2 | 42.01 | 2-methylhexacosane | C27H56 | 2700 | 380 | 16.5 | |
3 | 38.81 | 2-methyltricosane | C24H50 | 2541 | 338 | 10.9 | |
4 | 35.39 | Tricosane | C23H48 | 2300 | 324 | 8.4 | |
5 | 47.65 | Hentriacontane | C31H64 | 3100 | 436 | 5.7 | |
6 | 43.43 | Octacosane | C28H58 | 2800 | 394 | 3.9 | |
7 | 42.96 | (Z)-14-Tricosenyl formate | C24H46O2 | 2731 | 366 | 2.2 | |
8 | 42.33 | Tetracosyl pentafluoropropionate | C27H49F5O2 | 2710 | 500 | 2.0 | |
9 | 39.76 | Tetracosanal | C24H48O | 2570 | 352 | 2.0 | |
10 | 45.27 | Octacosanol | C28H58O | 2927 | 410 | 1.8 |
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Ryu, J.; Lyu, J.I.; Kim, D.-G.; Kim, J.-M.; Jo, Y.D.; Kang, S.-Y.; Kim, J.-B.; Ahn, J.-W.; Kim, S.H. Comparative Analysis of Volatile Compounds of Gamma-Irradiated Mutants of Rose (Rosa hybrida). Plants 2020, 9, 1221. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091221
Ryu J, Lyu JI, Kim D-G, Kim J-M, Jo YD, Kang S-Y, Kim J-B, Ahn J-W, Kim SH. Comparative Analysis of Volatile Compounds of Gamma-Irradiated Mutants of Rose (Rosa hybrida). Plants. 2020; 9(9):1221. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091221
Chicago/Turabian StyleRyu, Jaihyunk, Jae Il Lyu, Dong-Gun Kim, Jung-Min Kim, Yeong Deuk Jo, Si-Yong Kang, Jin-Baek Kim, Joon-Woo Ahn, and Sang Hoon Kim. 2020. "Comparative Analysis of Volatile Compounds of Gamma-Irradiated Mutants of Rose (Rosa hybrida)" Plants 9, no. 9: 1221. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091221