Exogenous Spermidine Promotes Germination of Aged Sorghum Seeds by Mediating Sugar Metabolism
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Exogenous Spd Improves Germination Ability of Artificially Aged Sorghum Seeds
2.2. Exogenous Spd Improves Amylase Activity and Starch Conversion Ability during Germination of Artificially Aged Sorghum Seeds
2.3. Exogenous Spd Enhances the Activity of Sucrose Invertase during Germination of Artificially Aged Seeds
2.4. Exogenous Spd Improves the Internal Energy Supply of Artificially Aged Sorghum Seeds during the Early Stage of Germination by Increasing the Activities of EMP, TCA, and PPP Enzymes
2.5. Improvement and Enhancement of Mitochondria and Respiration Rate in Germinating Artificially Aged Seeds by Spd
2.6. Exogenous Spd Increases Transcript Levels of Genes Related to Amylase and Sugar Metabolism in Artificially Aged Sorghum Seeds
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials and Growth Condition
4.2. Controlled Deteriorate Treatment Assay (CDT)
4.3. Seed Germination Test
4.4. Germination Characteristics, Morphological Characteristics and Biomass Determination
4.5. Determination of Soluble Sugar, Sucrose, and Starch Content
4.6. Amylase Activity Assay
4.7. Conversion of Starch
4.8. Glucose Metabolizing Enzyme Activity Assay
4.9. Respiratory Rate Measurement
4.10. Mitochondrial Transmission Electron Microscope Preparation Steps
4.11. Gene Expression Analysis
4.12. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Germination Rate | Germination Potential | Germination Index | Vigor Index | Root Length (mm) | Shoot Length (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 0.86 ± 0.04 a | 0.88 ± 0.03 a | 6.82 ± 0.7 a | 41.10 ± 0.7 a | 156.7 ± 3 a | 72.40 ± 4 a |
ACK | 0.65 ± 0.03 b | 0.57 ± 0.05 b | 3.66 ± 0.1 b | 17.64 ± 0.1 c | 96.3 ± 18 c | 38.65 ± 7 c |
A+Spd | 0.83 ± 0.06 a | 0.83 ± 0.01 a | 6.47 ± 0.2 a | 32.14 ± 0.3 b | 124.2 ± 7 b | 60.80 ± 5 b |
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Zhang, M.; Li, B.; Wan, Z.; Chen, X.; Liu, C.; Liu, C.; Zhou, Y. Exogenous Spermidine Promotes Germination of Aged Sorghum Seeds by Mediating Sugar Metabolism. Plants 2022, 11, 2853. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11212853
Zhang M, Li B, Wan Z, Chen X, Liu C, Liu C, Zhou Y. Exogenous Spermidine Promotes Germination of Aged Sorghum Seeds by Mediating Sugar Metabolism. Plants. 2022; 11(21):2853. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11212853
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Min, Bang Li, Zuliang Wan, Xiaofei Chen, Chang Liu, Chunjuan Liu, and Yufei Zhou. 2022. "Exogenous Spermidine Promotes Germination of Aged Sorghum Seeds by Mediating Sugar Metabolism" Plants 11, no. 21: 2853. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11212853