The GSTO2 (rs156697) Polymorphism Modifies Diabetic Nephropathy Risk
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. DNA Isolation and Glutathione Transferases Genotyping
2.3. Advanced Glycation End Product (AGE) Measurement
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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T2DM Patients n = 160 | Controls n = 248 | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) a | 63.85 ± 10.09 | 62.99 ± 10.37 | 0.171 |
Gender, n (%) b | |||
Male | 89 (55.6) | 133 (53.6) | |
Female | 71 (44.4) | 115 (46.4) | 0.693 |
Hypertension, n (%) b | |||
No | 37 (23.1) | 157 (63.3) | |
Yes | 123 (76.9) | 91 (36.7) | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) a | 28.29 ± 4.36 | 26.26 ± 4.49 | <0.001 |
T2DM Patients | |||
---|---|---|---|
without DN (n = 91) | with DN (n = 69) | p | |
Age (years) a | 65.04 ± 9.13 | 62.28 ± 11.10 | 0.086 |
Gender, n (%) b | |||
Male | 49 (53.8) | 40 (58.0) | |
Female | 42 (46.2) | 29 (42.0) | 0.603 |
Hypertension, n (%) b | |||
No | 12 (13.2) | 25 (36.2) | |
Yes | 79 (86.8) | 44 (63.8) | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) a | 28.33 ± 4.18 | 28.23 ± 4.66 | 0.900 |
Duration of T2DM (years) | 9.79 ± 7.54 | 12.82 ± 7.84 | 0.023 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 11.40 ± 4.46 | 10.99 ± 4.55 | 0.616 |
Hb (g/L) | 140.00 ± 16.23 | 133.75 ± 15.22 | 0.030 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.19 ± 1.68 | 8.84 ± 1.82 | 0.016 |
Urea(mmol/L) c | 5.80 (4.47–6.92) | 8.60 (5.60–20.4) | <0.001 |
Creatinine(µmol/L) c | 73.60 (64.1–84) | 103 (68.65–722) | <0.001 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) c | 95 (85–106.3) | 82 (57.6–97.9) | 0.001 |
Urine protein (mg/L) c | 0.11 (0.08–0.14) | 0.42 (0.20–0.82) | <0.001 |
Urine protein/creatinine ratio (mg/mmol) c | 14.00 (9.00–31.60) | 49.50 (22.60–97.30) | <0.001 |
AGEs (µg/mL) | 16.66 ± 18.50 | 18.19 ± 19.20 | 0.711 |
GST Genotype | T2DM Patients n, % | Controls n, % | OR (95%CI) a | p b |
---|---|---|---|---|
GSTM1 | ||||
Active | 86 (62.3) | 119 (50.0) | 1.00 c | 0.015 |
Null | 52 (37.7) | 119 (50.0) | 1.97 (1.14–3.40) | |
GSTT1 | ||||
Active | 68 (49.3) | 189 (79.4) | 1.00 c | |
Null | 70 (50.7) | 49 (20.6) | 0.31 (0.18–0.56) | <0.001 |
GSTP1 rs1695 | ||||
AA | 64 (41.6) | 110 (44.5) | 1.00 c | |
AG | 63 (40.9) | 99 (40.1) | 1.02 (0.57–1.82) | 0.945 |
GG | 27 (17.5) | 38 (15.4) | 1.20 (0.55–2.64) | 0.647 |
AG + GG | 90 (58.4) | 137 (55.5) | 1.07 (0.62–1.82) | 0.810 |
GSTP1 rs1138272 | ||||
CC | 114 (74.0) | 196 (89.5) | 1.00 c | |
CT | 38 (24.7) | 22 (10.0) | 3.43 (1.53–7.70) | 0.003 |
TT | 2 (1.3) | 1 (0.5) | NA | NA |
CT + TT | 40 (26.0) | 23 (10.5) | 3.53 (1.58–7.88) | 0.002 |
GSTO1 rs4925 | ||||
CC | 94 (62.3) | 85 (38.3) | 1.00 c | |
CA | 45 (29.8) | 114 (51.4) | 0.28 (0.15–0.51) | <0.001 |
AA | 12 (7.9) | 23 (10.4) | 0.51 (0.18–1.46) | 0.208 |
CA + AA | 57 (37.7) | 137 (61.7) | 0.31 (0.17–0.55) | <0.001 |
GSTO2 rs156697 | ||||
AA | 64 (47.4) | 93 (42.7) | 1.00 c | |
AG | 47 (34.8) | 104 (47.7) | 0.77 (0.43–1.39) | 0.391 |
GG | 24 (17.8) | 21 (9.6) | 1.79 (0.72–4.45) | 0.208 |
AG + GG | 71 (52.6) | 125 (57.3) | 0.93 (0.53–1.62) | 0.803 |
T2DM Patients | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
GST Genotype | without DN n, % | with DN n, % | OR (95%CI) a | p b |
GSTM1 | ||||
Active | 57 (64.0) | 29 (59.2) | 1.00 | |
Null | 32 (36.0) | 20 (40.8) | 1.25 (0.58–2.66) | 0.566 |
GSTT1 | ||||
Active | 41 (46.1) | 27 (55.1) | 1.00 | |
Null | 48 (53.9) | 22 (44.9) | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) | 0.904 |
GSTP1 rs1695 | ||||
AA | 35 (39.3) | 29 (44.6) | 1.00 c | |
AG | 36 (40.4) | 27 (41.5) | 0.70 (0.30–1.62) | 0.404 |
GG | 18 (20.2) | 9 (13.8) | 0.88 (0.30–2.59) | 0.816 |
AG + GG | 54 (60.7) | 36 (55.4) | 0.75 (0.34–1.62) | 0.463 |
GSTP1 rs1138272 | ||||
CC | 66 (74.2) | 48 (73.8) | 1.00 c | |
CT | 22 (24.7) | 16 (24.6) | 0.61 (0.23–1.62) | 0.318 |
TT | 1 (1.1) | 1 (1.5) | / | / |
CT + TT | 23 (25.8) | 17 (26.2) | 0.70 (0.27–1.80) | 0.455 |
GSTO1 rs4925 | ||||
CC | 58 (69.9) | 36 (52.9) | 1.00 c | |
CA | 21 (25.3) | 24 (35.3) | 1.47 (0.60–3.64) | 0.400 |
AA | 4 (4.8) | 8 (11.8) | 3.81 (0.85–17.09) | 0.081 |
CA + AA | 25 (30.1) | 32 (47.1) | 1.83 (0.80–4.18) | 0.150 |
GSTO2 rs156697 | ||||
AA | 48 (55.2) | 16 (33.3) | 1.00 c | |
AG | 25 (28.7) | 22 (45.8) | 2.59 (1.11–6.05) | 0.028 |
GG | 14 (16.1) | 10 (20.8) | 2.25 (0.77–6.57) | 0.140 |
AG + GG | 39 (44.8) | 32 (66.7) | 2.48 (1.14–5.40) | 0.022 |
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Pavlovic, D.; Ristic, S.; Djukanovic, L.; Matic, M.; Kovacevic, M.; Pljesa-Ercegovac, M.; Hadzi-Djokic, J.; Savic-Radojevic, A.; Djukic, T. The GSTO2 (rs156697) Polymorphism Modifies Diabetic Nephropathy Risk. Medicina 2023, 59, 164. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010164
Pavlovic D, Ristic S, Djukanovic L, Matic M, Kovacevic M, Pljesa-Ercegovac M, Hadzi-Djokic J, Savic-Radojevic A, Djukic T. The GSTO2 (rs156697) Polymorphism Modifies Diabetic Nephropathy Risk. Medicina. 2023; 59(1):164. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010164
Chicago/Turabian StylePavlovic, Dragana, Sinisa Ristic, Ljubica Djukanovic, Marija Matic, Marijana Kovacevic, Marija Pljesa-Ercegovac, Jovan Hadzi-Djokic, Ana Savic-Radojevic, and Tatjana Djukic. 2023. "The GSTO2 (rs156697) Polymorphism Modifies Diabetic Nephropathy Risk" Medicina 59, no. 1: 164. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010164