Archaeometric Characterization of the Industrial Production of Porcelains in the Vieillard & Co. Manufactory (Bordeaux, France, 19th Century)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials: Archaeological Sherds
3. Analytical Techniques
3.1. Archaeological Samples Preparation
3.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS)
3.3. X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
3.4. Particle Induced X-ray and Gamma Emission (PIXE-PIGE)
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Body Characterization
4.1.1. Biscuits of Porcelain
4.1.2. Porcelains
4.2. Glaze Examination
4.3. Comparison with Other European Hard-Paste Porcelain Productions
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Number | Chronology | Manufactory | Type | Shape |
---|---|---|---|---|
BDX 20979 | c. 1855 | J. Vieillard & Co. (father’s production) | porcelain | bucket |
BDX 20980 | - | |||
BDX 20981 | plate | |||
BDX 20982 | - | |||
BDX 20983 | - | |||
BDX 20984 | - | |||
BDX 20985 | plate | |||
BDX 20986 | - | |||
BDX 20987 | - | |||
BDX 20988 | tureen lid | |||
BDX 20989 | c. 1865 | J. Vieillard & Co. (sons’ production) | plate | |
BDX 20990 | plate | |||
BDX 20991 | - | |||
BDX 20992 | - | |||
BDX 20993 | - | |||
BDX 20994 | - | |||
BDX 20995 | - | |||
BDX 20996 | - | |||
BDX 20997 | - | |||
BDX 20998 | - | |||
BDX 20999 | vase | |||
BDX 21000 | pyrometric cone | |||
BDX 21862 | biscuit of porcelain | - | ||
BDX 21863 | - | |||
BDX 21864 | - | |||
BDX 21865 | - | |||
BDX 21866 | - | |||
BDX 21867 | - | |||
BDX 21001 | c. 1885 | porcelain | goblet | |
BDX 21002 | saucer | |||
BDX 21003 | teapot | |||
BDX 21004 | insulator | |||
BDX 21005 | - | |||
BDX 21006 | plate |
Na2O | Al2O3 | SiO2 | K2O | CaO | Fe2O3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
c. 1865—J. Vieillard & Co (biscuits) | ||||||
Mean (n = 6) | 0.8 | 29.2 | 64.6 | 4.8 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
SD | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Na2O | MgO | Al2O3 | SiO2 | P2O5 | K2O | CaO | TiO2 | Fe2O3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
c. 1855—J. Vieillard & Co | |||||||||
Mean (n = 10) | 2.4 | 0.2 | 24.2 | 68.6 | 0.2 | 3.3 | 0.7 | nd | 0.4 |
SD | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.1 | |
c. 1865—J. Vieillard & Co | |||||||||
Mean (n = 12) | 1.5 | 0.1 | 29.3 | 64.4 | 0.2 | 3.9 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
SD | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
c. 1885—J. Vieillard & Co | |||||||||
Mean (n = 6) | 1.3 | 0.2 | 27.5 | 65.6 | 0.2 | 4.6 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
SD | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Na2O | MgO | Al2O3 | SiO2 | K2O | CaO | TiO2 | Fe2O3 | Mn | Cu | Zn | Ga | Rb | Sr | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
wt% | wt% | wt% | wt% | wt% | wt% | wt% | wt% | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | |
c. 1855— J. Vieillard & Co | ||||||||||||||
Mean (n = 10) | 1.7 | 0.3 | 24.3 | 68.7 | 3.3 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 78 | 38 | 69 | 36 | 197 | 104 |
SD | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 27 | 27 | 13 | 5 | 35 | 14 |
c. 1865— J. Vieillard & Co | ||||||||||||||
Mean (n = 8) | 1.1 | nd | 28.8 | 64.8 | 4.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 41 | 39 | 74 | 48 | 281 | 122 |
SD | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 3 | 5 | 11 | 3 | 13 | 7 | |
c. 1885— J. Vieillard & Co | ||||||||||||||
Mean (n = 6) | 0.9 | 0.3 | 27.0 | 66.0 | 4.7 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 38 | 27 | 71 | 37 | 277 | 110 |
SD | 0.2 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 10 | 11 | 19 | 10 | 42 | 19 |
Na2O | MgO | Al2O3 | SiO2 | P2O5 | K2O | CaO | Fe2O3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
c. 1855—J. Vieillard & Co | ||||||||
Mean (n = 10) | 3.3 | 0.2 | 16.1 | 74.5 | 0.2 | 4.1 | 1.7 | 0.2 |
SD | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
c. 1865—J. Vieillard & Co | ||||||||
Mean (n = 12) | 1.9 | nd | 13.1 | 79.4 | nd | 4.8 | 0.7 | 0.2 |
SD | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | ||
c. 1885—J. Vieillard & Co | ||||||||
Mean (n = 6) | 1.6 | 0.2 | 14.2 | 77.8 | nd | 5.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
SD | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
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Beauvoit, E.; Cantin, N.; Lemasson, Q.; Chapoulie, R.; Ben Amara, A. Archaeometric Characterization of the Industrial Production of Porcelains in the Vieillard & Co. Manufactory (Bordeaux, France, 19th Century). Materials 2022, 15, 5311. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155311
Beauvoit E, Cantin N, Lemasson Q, Chapoulie R, Ben Amara A. Archaeometric Characterization of the Industrial Production of Porcelains in the Vieillard & Co. Manufactory (Bordeaux, France, 19th Century). Materials. 2022; 15(15):5311. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155311
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeauvoit, Emmie, Nadia Cantin, Quentin Lemasson, Rémy Chapoulie, and Ayed Ben Amara. 2022. "Archaeometric Characterization of the Industrial Production of Porcelains in the Vieillard & Co. Manufactory (Bordeaux, France, 19th Century)" Materials 15, no. 15: 5311. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155311