Stipa tenacissima L.: A New Promising Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant and Anticancer Potentials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Collection of Plant Material
2.2. Extraction and Isolation of Bioactive Compound Classes
2.3. Determination of Total Phenol Contents
2.4. DPPH Radical Inhibition Test
2.5. Cancer Cell Lines and Culture Conditions
MTT Assay
2.6. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Extraction Yield and Fractionation of Natural Organic Compounds from Stipa tenacissima L. Extract
3.2. Determination of Total Phenolic Compounds
3.3. Antioxidant Activity by DPPH
3.4. GC-MS Analysis
3.5. Antiproliferative Activity of Fractions of Stipa tenacissima L. Extract on Cancer Cells
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
DPPH | 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrayl |
DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium |
FBS | Fetal bovine serum |
MTT | Methylthiazol tetrazolium |
NIST | National Institute of Standards and Technology |
GC-MS | Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry |
GA | Gallic acid |
IC50 | Half-maximal inhibitory concentration |
AA | Ascorbic acid |
OD | Optical density |
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Fractions | g GA/100 g |
---|---|
F1 | 5.530 ± 0.003 |
F2 | 18.120 ± 0.005 |
F3 | 31.790 ± 0.008 |
F4 | 31.2600 ± 0.0005 |
Fractions and Antioxidant Standard | IC50 (mg/mL) |
---|---|
F1 | N.D |
F2 | 1.85 |
F3 | 1.26 |
F4 | 1.65 |
AA | 0.04 |
Peak Number | Retention Time (min) | Compound Name | Molecular Formula | CAS Number | Peak Area (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 28.42 | Heneicosyl formate | C22H44O2 | 77508-65-7 | 2.54 |
2 | 33.31 | gamma-Sitosterol | C29H50O | 83-47-6 | 2.73 |
3 | 35.55 | Lupeol | C30H50O | 545-47-1 | 2.88 |
Peak Number | Retention Time (min) | Compound Name | Molecular Formula | CAS Number | Peak Area (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 4.39 | Diacetone alcohol | C6H12O2 | 123-42-2 | 2.17 |
2 | 16.55 | Loliolide | C11H16O3 | 73410-02-3 | 2.24 |
3 | 28.18 | Octadecane, 3-ethyl-5-(2-ethylbutyl) | C26H54 | 55282-12-7 | 0.96 |
Peak Number | Retention Time (min) | Compound Name | Molecular Formula | CAS Number | Peak Area (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 4.39 | Diacetone alcohol | C6H12O2 | 123-42-2 | 1.88 |
2 | 5.47 | Pentoxone | C7H14O2 | 107-70-0 | 0.93 |
3 | 16.70 | 5,5,8a-Trimethyl-3,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-chromen | C12H20O | 54344-82-0 | 1.10 |
4 | 22.92 | Bis (2-propylpentyl) benzene-1,2 dicarboxylate | C24H38O4 | 70910 | 2.45 |
Peak Number | Retention Time (min) | Compound Name | Molecular Formula | CAS Number | Peak Area (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 3.69 | Methyl sulfolane | C5H10O2S | 1003-46-9 | 0.52 |
2 | 16.23 | Coniferyl alcohol | C10H12O3 | 32811-40-8 | 0.78 |
3 | 22.35 | 2-(Benzyloxy)-3,6-difluorophenol | C13H10F2O2 | 152434-80-5 | 0.64 |
Stipa tenacissima L. Fractions | IC50 Values (µg/mL) | |
---|---|---|
MDA-MB-231 | HT-29 | |
F1 | 63.58 ± 3.14 | 71.50 ± 4.97 |
F2 | 72.410 ± 0.015 | 77.70 ± 1.62 |
F3 | 93.320 ± 0.041 | 87.350 ± 0.031 |
F4 | 99.880 ± 0.061 | 87.500 ± 1.799 |
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El Bouchti, M.; Bourhia, M.; Alotaibi, A.; Aghmih, K.; Majid, S.; Ullah, R.; Salamatullah, A.M.; El Achaby, M.; Oumam, M.; Hannache, H.; et al. Stipa tenacissima L.: A New Promising Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant and Anticancer Potentials. Life 2021, 11, 757. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11080757
El Bouchti M, Bourhia M, Alotaibi A, Aghmih K, Majid S, Ullah R, Salamatullah AM, El Achaby M, Oumam M, Hannache H, et al. Stipa tenacissima L.: A New Promising Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant and Anticancer Potentials. Life. 2021; 11(8):757. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11080757
Chicago/Turabian StyleEl Bouchti, Mehdi, Mohammed Bourhia, Amal Alotaibi, Kaoutar Aghmih, Sanaa Majid, Riaz Ullah, Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah, Mounir El Achaby, Mina Oumam, Hassan Hannache, and et al. 2021. "Stipa tenacissima L.: A New Promising Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant and Anticancer Potentials" Life 11, no. 8: 757. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11080757