The Reduced Gut Lachnospira Species Is Linked to Liver Enzyme Elevation and Insulin Resistance in Pediatric Fatty Liver Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Presentation of Gut Dysbiosis in Children with MAFLD Compared to Those without MAFLD
2.2. MAFLD with Hepatitis versus MAFLD without Hepatitis
2.3. Predictive Functional Analysis
2.4. The Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Anthropometric Measurements as Well as Biochemical Data
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design
4.2. Anthropometric Measurements and Biochemical Data
4.3. Ultrasonographic Assessment for MAFLD
4.4. Fecal DNA Extraction
4.5. 16S rRNA Gene and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Analysis
4.6. Bioinformatics Analysis and Statistics
4.7. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Non-MAFLD | MAFLD | |
---|---|---|---|
Sample Size | N = 54 | N = 51 | p Value |
Factors associated with MAFLD in children based on US-FLI score | |||
Age (years) | 13.19 ± 0.32 | 13.29 ± 0.33 | 0.910 |
Male | 39 (72.2%) | 41 (80.4%) | 0.330 |
Female | 15 (27.8%) | 10 (19.6%) | |
Body weight (kg) | 57.06 ± 2.57 | 69.97 ± 2.38 | <0.001 |
Body height (cm) | 155.56 ± 1.84 | 158.64 ± 1.76 | 0.550 |
BSA (m2) | 1.56 ± 0.04 | 1.75 ± 0.04 | 0.010 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.77 ± 0.72 | 27.44 ± 0.56 | <0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 78.87 ± 1.63 | 91.41 ± 1.58 | <0.001 |
Hip circumference (cm) | 90.73 ± 1.66 | 99.27 ± 1.34 | <0.001 |
Waist/hip ratio | 0.87 ± 0.01 | 0.92 ± 0.01 | <0.001 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 105.42 ± 1.74 | 113.22 ± 2.19 | 0.023 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 64.19 ± 1.25 | 71.82 ± 1.69 | <0.001 |
Biochemical markers associated with MAFLD in children based on US-FLI score | |||
hsCRP (mg/L) | 1.17 ± 0.26 | 2.69 ± 0.43 | <0.001 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 63.13 ± 4.35 | 110.27 ± 12.29 | <0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 160.21 ± 3.81 | 176.27 ± 4.59 | 0.006 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 53.21 ± 1.57 | 50.55 ± 2.10 | 0.052 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 96.56 ± 8.67 | 104.78 ± 4.17 | 0.002 |
TC/HDL | 3.11 ± 0.10 | 3.70 ± 0.15 | <0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.45 ± 0.04 | 5.58 ± 0.06 | 0.161 |
AST (U/L) | 22.60 ± 0.96 | 40.49 ± 6.45 | 0.001 |
ALT (U/L) | 18.33 ± 1.87 | 65.14 ± 12.72 | <0.001 |
γ-GT (U/L) | 17.33 ± 1.70 | 34.73 ± 3.92 | <0.001 |
Insulin (μIU/mL) | 7.79 ± 0.80 | 28.24 ± 10.47 | <0.001 |
Glucose (AC) (mg/dL) | 90.85 ± 0.83 | 93.12 ± 2.66 | 0.053 |
HOMA-IR | 1.76 ± 0.18 | 6.33 ± 2.04 | <0.001 |
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Tsai, C.-C.; Chiu, M.-H.; Kek, H.-P.; Yang, M.-C.; Su, Y.-T.; Liu, H.-K.; Wu, M.-S.; Yeh, Y.-T. The Reduced Gut Lachnospira Species Is Linked to Liver Enzyme Elevation and Insulin Resistance in Pediatric Fatty Liver Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 3640. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073640
Tsai C-C, Chiu M-H, Kek H-P, Yang M-C, Su Y-T, Liu H-K, Wu M-S, Yeh Y-T. The Reduced Gut Lachnospira Species Is Linked to Liver Enzyme Elevation and Insulin Resistance in Pediatric Fatty Liver Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(7):3640. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073640
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsai, Ching-Chung, Min-Hsi Chiu, Ho-Poh Kek, Ming-Chun Yang, Yu-Tsun Su, Hsien-Kuan Liu, Ming-Shiang Wu, and Yao-Tsung Yeh. 2024. "The Reduced Gut Lachnospira Species Is Linked to Liver Enzyme Elevation and Insulin Resistance in Pediatric Fatty Liver Disease" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 7: 3640. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073640