Greater Risk of Pregnancy Complications for Female Surgeons: A Cross-Sectional Electronic Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Cohort and Design
2.2. Outcome
2.3. Exposure
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Summary of the Study Findings
4.2. Comparison with Other Studies
4.3. Explanation of Findings
4.4. Strengths and Limitations
4.5. Implications for Healthcare Practice
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Other Specialties N = 242 N (%) | Surgeon N = 28 N (%) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age at last pregnancy Mean (Standard Deviation) | 34.5 (4.0) | 33.8 (3.5) | 0.27 |
Age ≥ 35 years | 99 (40.9) | 13 (46.4) | 0.57 |
Primiparous | 63 (26.0) | 7 (25.0) | 0.90 |
Obstetrical history * | 61 (25.2) | 10 (35.7) | 0.23 |
Surgical or medical history ** | 70 (28.9) | 6 (21.4) | 0.40 |
Active smoking | 13 (5.4) | 2 (7.1) | 0.70 |
Alcohol | 18 (7.4) | 3 (10.7) | 0.54 |
Four or more physical or organizational constraints | 10 (4.1) | 4 (14.3) | 0.04 |
On call duty in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy | 69 (28.5) | 17 (60.7) | 0.0005 |
Home visits in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy | 91 (37.6) | 0 (0.0) | <0.0001 |
Prolonged standing in the 2 and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy | 84 (34.7) | 17 (60.7) | 0.007 |
Work > 42 h/week in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy | 113 (46.7) | 19 (67.9) | 0.04 |
Heavy loads in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy | 14 (5.8) | 5 (17.9) | 0.03 |
Teratogen infection during pregnancy *** | 4 (1.6) | 1 (3.6) | 0.47 |
Exposure to at least one chemical agent | 50 (20.7) | 23 (82.1) | <0.0001 |
Exposure to a cytostatic | 8 (3.3) | 2 (7.1) | 0.31 |
Exposure to anesthetic gases | 10 (4.1) | 19 (67.9) | <0.0001 |
Exposure to nitrous oxide | 43 (17.8) | 17 (60.7) | <0.0001 |
Exposure to ionizing radiation | 21 (5.4) | 12 (42.9) | <0.0001 |
Total Population | Female Surgeons | Other Specialities | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pregnancy Complication | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | p-Value |
Miscarriage | 16 (5.9) | 1 (3.6) | 15 (6.2) | 0.5 |
Extra-uterine pregnancy | 4 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.6) | 1.0 |
Fetal growth restriction | 27 (10.0) | 8 (28.6) | 19 (7.8) | 0.003 |
Prematurity | 6 (2.2) | 4 (14.3) | 2 (0.8) | 0.001 |
Fetal congenital malformation | 2 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.8) | 1.0 |
Stillbirth | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - |
Medical termination of pregnancy | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | 1.0 |
OR | 95% CI | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Surgery specialty (ref other specialties) | 3.17 | [1.38–7.27] | 6 |
Age ≥ 35 years | 1.27 | [0.69–2.33] | 0.44 |
Primiparous | 0.83 | [0.41–1.69] | 0.60 |
Four or more physical or organizational constraints | 2.47 | [0.79–7.71] | 0.12 |
Teratogen infection during pregnancy | 2.87 | [0.47–17.6] | 0.25 |
Exposure to at least one chemical agent | 1.25 | [0.64–2.43] | 0.50 |
Exposure to ionizing radiation | 0.77 | [0.41–1.46] | 0.42 |
Active smoking | 1.57 | [0.48–5.14] | 0.45 |
Alcohol | 0.98 | [0.32–3.06] | 0.98 |
Surgical or medical history | 1.04 | [0.53–2.04] | 0.90 |
Obstetrical history | 1.84 | [0.97–3.50] | 0.06 |
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Delva, F.; Carcasset, P.; Mouton, P.; Auguste-Virginie, R.; Lairez, F.; Sentilhes, L.; Brochard, P.; Joseph, J.-P. Greater Risk of Pregnancy Complications for Female Surgeons: A Cross-Sectional Electronic Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010125
Delva F, Carcasset P, Mouton P, Auguste-Virginie R, Lairez F, Sentilhes L, Brochard P, Joseph J-P. Greater Risk of Pregnancy Complications for Female Surgeons: A Cross-Sectional Electronic Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(1):125. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010125
Chicago/Turabian StyleDelva, Fleur, Pierre Carcasset, Pauline Mouton, Rivana Auguste-Virginie, Fanny Lairez, Loïc Sentilhes, Patrick Brochard, and Jean-Philippe Joseph. 2023. "Greater Risk of Pregnancy Complications for Female Surgeons: A Cross-Sectional Electronic Survey" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1: 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010125