Teratogenic Effects of Organohalogen Contaminants Extracted from Whale Bacon in a Whole-Rat-Embryo Culture System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Contaminant Extraction from Whale Bacon Products
2.2. Determination of Organohalogens in Whale Bacon
2.3. Ethics Statement
2.4. Whole-Embryo Culture
2.5. Determination of Organohalogens in the Culture Medium and Embryos
2.6. Statistics
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Low-Dose Exposure | High-Dose Exposure | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Culture Medium | Embryo | Ratio | Culture Medium | Embryo | Ratio | |
(ppm on wet weight basis) | (ppm on wet weight basis) | |||||
ΣPCB | 0.32 ± 0.06 | 2.44 ± 0.78 | 7.6 | 2.15 ± 0.21 | 13.4 ± 1.95 | 6.2 |
ΣDDT | 0.16 ± 0.03 | 1.48 ± 0.22 | 9.3 | 1.99 ± 0.36 | 15.7 ± 3.12 | 7.9 |
ΣCHL | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.17 ± 0.02 | 8.5 | 0.20 ± 0.03 | 1.74 ± 0.46 | 8.7 |
Crown–Rump Length (mm) | Total Number of Somites (No.) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
24 h | 48 h | 24 h | 48 h | |
Control (without vehicle) (8) | 5.90 ± 0.13 | 7.33 ± 0.13 | 39.2 ± 0.75 | 44.2 ± 0.3 |
Control (with vehicle) (8) | 5.90 ± 0.13 | 7.33 ± 0.13 | 39.2 ± 0.33 | 44.2 ± 0.3 |
Low-dose exposure (16) | 5.90 ± 0.07 | 7.20 ± 0.20 | 39.2 ± 0.75 | 43.7 ± 0.8 |
High-dose exposure (17) | 5.96 ± 0.13 | 6.73 ± 0.15 * | 38.8 ± 0.33 | 40.6 ± 0.8 * |
Yolk Sac Circulation Score | Embryonic Body Circulation Score | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
24 h | 48 h | 24 h | 48 h | |
Control (without vehicle) (8) | 5.00 ± 0.03 | 5.00 ± 0.06 | 5.00 ± 0.03 | 5.00 ± 0.06 |
Control (with vehicle) (8) | 5.00 ± 0.03 | 5.00 ± 0.06 | 5.00 ± 0.03 | 5.00 ± 0.06 |
Low-dose exposure (16) | 5.00 ± 0.06 | 4.81 ± 0.06 | 5.00 ± 0.06 | 4.88 ± 0.06 |
High-dose exposure (17) | 5.00 ± 0.06 | 4.75 ± 0.13 | 5.00 ± 0.06 | 4.81 ± 0.06 |
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Akita, M.; Kimura, O.; Atobe, K.; Endo, T.; Yamada, S.; Haraguchi, K.; Kato, Y. Teratogenic Effects of Organohalogen Contaminants Extracted from Whale Bacon in a Whole-Rat-Embryo Culture System. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12065. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912065
Akita M, Kimura O, Atobe K, Endo T, Yamada S, Haraguchi K, Kato Y. Teratogenic Effects of Organohalogen Contaminants Extracted from Whale Bacon in a Whole-Rat-Embryo Culture System. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12065. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912065
Chicago/Turabian StyleAkita, Masaharu, Osamu Kimura, Kazutaka Atobe, Tetsuya Endo, Shizuo Yamada, Koichi Haraguchi, and Yoshihisa Kato. 2022. "Teratogenic Effects of Organohalogen Contaminants Extracted from Whale Bacon in a Whole-Rat-Embryo Culture System" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12065. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912065