Mentalization Impairment Is Associated with Problematic Alcohol Use in a Sample of Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | |
---|---|
Age—M ± SD | 23.20 ± 3.55 |
Females—n (%) | 183 (65.9) |
Occupation | |
Employed—n (%) | 57 (21.0) |
Unemployed—n (%) | 14 (5.2) |
Students—n (%) | 200 (73.8) |
School attainment > 13 years—n (%) | 124 (45.8) |
Tobacco use in the last 12 months—n (%) | 130 (48.0) |
Illegal drugs use in the last 12 months—n (%) | 106 (39.1) |
Cannabis use in the last 12 months—n (%) | 95 (35.1) |
Cocaine use in the last 12 months—n (%) | 13 (4.8) |
Heroin use in the last 12 months—n (%) | 3 (1.1) |
Other illegal drugs in the last 12 months—n (%) | 6 (2.2) |
Illegal drugs polyabuse in the last 12 months—n (%) | 10 (3.7) |
CAGE ≥ 1—n (%) | 72 (26.6) |
CAGE ≥ 2—n (%) | 37 (13.7) |
CAGE total score—M ± SD | 0.45 ± 0.84 |
MZQ—M ± SD | 3.41 ± 0.77 |
Self-reflection—M ± SD | 3.55 ± 0.89 |
Emotional awareness—M ± SD | 3.42 ± 1.01 |
Psychic equivalence—M ± SD | 3.27 ± 0.93 |
Affect Regulation—M ± SD | 3.78 ± 1.07 |
Variables | PAU+ n = 72 | PAU− n = 199 | Test | p= | Effect Size | r= |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age—M ± SD | 22.56 ± 2.82 | 23.42 ± 3.76 | U = 6418.5 | 0.189 | d = 0.159 | 0.079 |
Females—n (%) | 43 (59.7%) | 140 (70.4%) | χ2 = 2.72 | 0.099 | V = 0.100 | 0.100 |
School attainment > 13 years—n (%) | 30 (41.7%) | 94 (47.2%) | χ2 = 0.66 | 0.416 | V = 0.049 | 0.049 |
Occupation | ||||||
Employed—n (%) | 12 (16.7%) | 45 (22.6%) | χ2 = 2.58 | 0.276 | ||
Students—n (%) | 58 (80.6%) | 142 (71.4%) | V = 0.098 | 0.138 | ||
Unemployed—n (%) | 2 (2.8%) | 12 (6.0%) | ||||
Tobacco use (last 12 months)—n (%) | 49 (68.1%) | 81 (40.7%) | χ2 = 15.85 | <0.001 | V = 0.242 | 0.242 |
Illegal drugs use (last 12 months)—n (%) | 42 (58.3%) | 64 (32.2%) | χ2 = 15.21 | <0.001 | V = 0.237 | 0.237 |
MZQ Total score—M ± SD | 3.15 ± 0.76 | 3.51 ± 0.76 | U = 5220 | 0.001 | d = 0.424 | 0.207 |
Self-reflection—M ± SD | 3.31 ± 0.85 | 3.64 ± 0.90 | U = 5575.5 | 0.005 | d =0.344 | 0.170 |
Emotional awareness—M ± SD | 3.04 ± 1.10 | 3.56 ± 0.98 | U = 5087 | <0.001 | d =0.454 | 0.221 |
Psychic equivalence—M ± SD | 3.16 ± 0.92 | 3.31 ± 0.94 | U = 6441.5 | 0.203 | d = 0.154 | 0.077 |
Affect Regulation—M ± SD | 3.04 ± 0.97 | 3.50 ± 1.07 | U = 5301 | 0.001 | d = 0.405 | 0.198 |
MZQ standardized residual *—M ± SD | −0.27 ± 0.99 | 0.10 ± 0.97 | U = 5499.5 | 0.003 | d = 0.361 | 0.178 |
Variables | PAU+ n = 37 | PAU– n = 234 | Test | p= | Effect Size | r= |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age—M ± SD | 22.49 ± 2.55 | 23.31 ± 3.67 | U = 3901 | 0.332 | d = 0.118 | 0.059 |
Females—n (%) | 19 (51.4%) | 164 (70.1%) | χ2 = 5.11 | 0.024 | V = 0.137 | 0.137 |
School attainment > 13 years—n (%) | 13 (35.1%) | 111 (47.4%) | χ2 = 1.95 | 0.163 | V = 0.085 | 0.085 |
Occupation | ||||||
Employed—n (%) | 6 (16.2%) | 51 (21.8%) | χ2 = 1.28 | 0.526 | ||
Students—n (%) | 30 (81.1%) | 170 (72.6%) | V = 0.069 | 0.097 | ||
Unemployed—n (%) | 1 (2.7%) | 13 (5.6%) | ||||
Tobacco use (last 12 months)—n (%) | 27 (73.0%) | 103 (44.0%) | χ2 = 10.73 | <0.001 | V = 0.199 | 0.199 |
Illegal drugs use (last 12 months)—n (%) | 24 (64.9%) | 82 (35.0%) | χ2 = 11.93 | <0.001 | V = 0.210 | 0.210 |
MZQ Total score—M ± SD | 3.01 ± 0.75 | 3.47 ± 0.76 | U = 2793 | 0.001 | d = 0.431 | 0.211 |
Self-reflection—M ± SD | 3.23 ± 0.88 | 3.60 ± 0.89 | U = 3222 | 0.012 | d = 0.307 | 0.151 |
Emotional awareness—M ± SD | 2.84 ± 1.02 | 3.51 ± 0.98 | U = 2704 | <0.001 | d = 0.457 | 0.223 |
Psychic equivalence—M ± SD | 3.14 ± 0.85 | 3.30 ± 0.95 | U = 3828 | 0.257 | d = 0.138 | 0.069 |
Affect Regulation—M ± SD | 2.77 ± 0.91 | 3.48 ± 1.06 | U = 2636 | <0.001 | d = 0.477 | 0.232 |
MZQ standardized residual *—M ± SD | −0.45 ± 1.04 | 0.07 ± 0.96 | U = 2948 | 0.002 | d = 0.386 | 0.190 |
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Imperatori, C.; Corazza, O.; Panno, A.; Rinaldi, R.; Pasquini, M.; Farina, B.; Biondi, M.; Bersani, F.S. Mentalization Impairment Is Associated with Problematic Alcohol Use in a Sample of Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8664. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228664
Imperatori C, Corazza O, Panno A, Rinaldi R, Pasquini M, Farina B, Biondi M, Bersani FS. Mentalization Impairment Is Associated with Problematic Alcohol Use in a Sample of Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(22):8664. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228664
Chicago/Turabian StyleImperatori, Claudio, Ornella Corazza, Angelo Panno, Raffaella Rinaldi, Massimo Pasquini, Benedetto Farina, Massimo Biondi, and Francesco Saverio Bersani. 2020. "Mentalization Impairment Is Associated with Problematic Alcohol Use in a Sample of Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22: 8664. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228664