Atomic Force Microscopy of Phytosterol Based Edible Oleogels
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. An Overview of AFM Imaging of Oleogels in Triglyceride Oils
3. Complementary and Alternative Techniques to AFM
4. Future Outlook
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Technique | Length Scale of Features Resolved | Sample Preparation Required | Information Obtained |
---|---|---|---|
AFM | ~1 nm | Thin film | High-resolution map of topography and material properties. |
Cryo-SEM | ~1 nm | Gel must be frozen at cryogenic temperature | High-resolution 2D images. |
Cryo-TEM | ~1 nm | Thin film; gel must be frozen at cryogenic temperature | High-resolution 2D images. |
Widefield microscopy | ~200 nm | Bulk sample | 2D images. |
Confocal laser scanning microscopy | ~200 nm | Sample must be labelled with appropriate fluorescent probe. | 3D image stacks. |
Super-resolution microscopy | ~ 50 nm | Sample must be labelled with appropriate fluorescent probe. | High-resolution images. |
SAXS | ~1 nm (Bulk, not spatially resolved) | Bulk sample | Typical length scale and shape of structures in sample. |
SANS | ~1 nm (Bulk, not spatially resolved) | Bulk sample, deuterated solvents needed | Typical length scale and shape of structures in sample. |
Microrheology | ~1 µm | Dilute solution of tracer beads placed in sol. | Low-resolution map of material properties. |
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Matheson, A.B.; Koutsos, V.; Euston, S.R.; Clegg, P.S. Atomic Force Microscopy of Phytosterol Based Edible Oleogels. Gels 2023, 9, 750. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9090750
Matheson AB, Koutsos V, Euston SR, Clegg PS. Atomic Force Microscopy of Phytosterol Based Edible Oleogels. Gels. 2023; 9(9):750. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9090750
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatheson, Andrew B., Vasileios Koutsos, Stephen R. Euston, and Paul S. Clegg. 2023. "Atomic Force Microscopy of Phytosterol Based Edible Oleogels" Gels 9, no. 9: 750. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9090750