Effect of Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma on Functional Compounds and Physiological Activities in Peanut Shells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials and Reagents
2.2. AP Plasma Treatment
2.3. Extraction Method
2.4. HPLC Analysis of Flavonoids in Peanut Shell Extract
2.5. Determination of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents
2.6. Determination of Antioxidant Capacity
2.6.1. DPPH Assay
2.6.2. FRAP Assay
2.7. Evaluation of Anti-Aging Potential
2.7.1. Anti-Tyrosinase Assay
2.7.2. Anti-Elastase Activity Assay
2.7.3. Anti-Collagenase Activity Assay
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. O3 and NOx Generation in the AP Plasma Chamber
3.2. HPLC Analysis of Flavonoids in AP Plasma-Treated Peanut Shell
Treatments | 5,7-Dihydroxychromone | Eriodictyol | Luteolin |
---|---|---|---|
Control | 20.68 ± 0.74 b | 30.85 ± 0.39 b | 71.70 ± 0.80 c |
O3 25 °C | 19.64 ± 0.07 b | 26.51 ± 0.32 d | 57.36 ± 1.00 d |
O3 150 °C | 26.70 ± 1.08 a | 40.86 ± 1.21 a | 114.59 ± 0.82 a |
NOx 150 °C | 20.59 ± 0.85 b | 27.98 ± 0.45 c | 83.45 ± 1.13 b |
3.3. Evaluation of Functional Compound Content and Antioxidant Activity of Components in AP Plasma-Treated Peanut Shell
Treatments | TPC (1) (mg GAE/g) | TFC (mg CE/g) | DPPH (mg TE/g) | FRAP (mM/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 253.94 ± 4.19 b | 111.74 ± 1.50 c | 156.33 ± 4.34 c | 1.29 ± 0.00 c |
O3 25 °C | 262.76 ± 1.32 ab | 115.83 ± 0.30 b | 174.50 ± 1.64 b | 1.38 ± 0.03 b |
O3 150 °C | 270.70 ± 5.70 a | 120.02 ± 1.36 a | 181.30 ± 1.38 a | 1.46 ± 0.02 a |
NOx 150 °C | 254.72 ± 6.29 b | 109.05 ± 1.68 d | 170.41 ± 1.97 b | 1.32 ± 0.02 c |
3.4. Evaluation of Skin Aging-Related Enzyme Inhibitory Activities in AP Plasma-Treated Peanut Shells
Treatments | Tyrosinase | Elastase | Collagenase |
---|---|---|---|
Control | 35.81 ± 3.44 c | 80.78 ± 1.69 bc | 83.53 ± 2.47 ab |
O3 25 °C | 44.25 ± 5.24 b | 82.49 ± 0.16 b | 85.72 ± 3.20 a |
O3 150 °C | 55.72 ± 4.16 a | 85.69 ± 0.16 a | 86.43 ± 1.21 a |
NOx 150 °C | 46.39 ± 3.57 b | 80.01 ± 1.70 c | 80.76 ± 1.40 b |
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Han, N.; Kim, J.; Bae, J.H.; Kim, M.; Lee, J.Y.; Lee, Y.-Y.; Kang, M.S.; Han, D.; Park, S.; Kim, H.-J. Effect of Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma on Functional Compounds and Physiological Activities in Peanut Shells. Antioxidants 2022, 11, 2214. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112214
Han N, Kim J, Bae JH, Kim M, Lee JY, Lee Y-Y, Kang MS, Han D, Park S, Kim H-J. Effect of Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma on Functional Compounds and Physiological Activities in Peanut Shells. Antioxidants. 2022; 11(11):2214. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112214
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan, Narae, Jinwoo Kim, Jin Hee Bae, Mihyang Kim, Jin Young Lee, Yu-Young Lee, Moon Seok Kang, Duksun Han, Sanghoo Park, and Hyun-Joo Kim. 2022. "Effect of Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma on Functional Compounds and Physiological Activities in Peanut Shells" Antioxidants 11, no. 11: 2214. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112214