Mats Bladh
Department of Thematic Studies—Technology and social change, Linköping University, Sweden
Roman Hackl
Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg, Sweden
Simon Harvey
Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg, Sweden
Sinem Kultur
Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
Nil Turkeri
Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
Madelene Ostwald
Centre for Climate Science and Policy Research, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden \ Physical Resource Theory, Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
Jesper Moberg
Physical Resource Theory, Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
Martin Persson
Physical Resource Theory, Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
Jintao Xu
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
Penjit Srinophakun
KU-biodiesel Project, Center of Excellent for Jatropha, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand \ Center of Excellent for Petroleum, Petrochemicals, and Advanced Materials, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
Anna Saimaneerat
KU-biodiesel Project, Center of Excellent for Jatropha, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
Isara Sooksathan
KU-biodiesel Project, Center of Excellent for Jatropha, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
Niphon Visarathanon
KU-biodiesel Project, Center of Excellent for Jatropha, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
Savitree Malaipan
KU-biodiesel Project, Center of Excellent for Jatropha, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
Kosol Charernsom
KU-biodiesel Project, Center of Excellent for Jatropha, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
Wiboon Chongrattanameteekul
KU-biodiesel Project, Center of Excellent for Jatropha, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
Ola Eriksson
University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden \ Profu AB, Mölndal, Sweden
Mattias Bisaillon
Profu AB, Mölndal, Sweden
Mårten Haraldsson
Profu AB, Mölndal, Sweden
Johan Sundberg
Profu AB, Mölndal, Sweden
Javier Muñoz
Grupo de Investigaciones Termoenergåticas ETSII- Madrid Polytechnic University, Spain
José M. Martínez-Val
Grupo de Investigaciones Termoenergåticas ETSII- Madrid Polytechnic University, Spain
Rubén Abbas
Grupo de Investigaciones Termoenergåticas ETSII- Madrid Polytechnic University, Spain
Joseph Simfukwe
University of Zambia, Department of Physics, Zambia
Sylvester Hatwaambo
University of Zambia, Department of Physics, Zambia
Hansingo Kabumbwe
University of Zambia, Department of Physics, Zambia
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp11057984Published in: World Renewable Energy Congress - Sweden; 8-13 May; 2011; Linköping; Sweden
Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings 33:31, p. 984-991
Energy consumption has stagnated in Sweden since the 1970s. It is not known how this was accomplished; but increasing efficiency in consumption has played an important role. In order to understand this a Change-of-stock approach is presented. Basically this approach says that stocks of energy converting artefacts on the consumption side comprise mature technologies with advantages of a path dependent character. These advantages create obstacles for radical technological changes and pushes in favour of incremental changes within dominating technologies. For the sake of testing the relevance of this approach five cases are highlighted. Data over stocks and replacement rates are estimated in three cases. Both factual and counterfactual estimations are presented. What is tested is the fruitfulness of the Change-of-stock approach as a tool for analysis of longterm changes in energy efficiency.
Results from the cases show considerable gains of efficiency in fuel consumption in private cars; and heating efficiency in multi-dwelling houses. Thus incremental changes are important; but are partially offset by changes in characteristics of the artefacts. Radical changes; as the factual change from air to rail; and a counterfactual double switch from gasoline to electric cars and from electric heating to district heating; and probable gains from the phase-out of incandescent lamps; show even bigger gains. Both incremental and radical changes are subject of counteracting tendencies; of a broader nature than that associated with rebound effects; such as more cars per inhabitant and fewer people in each dwelling.
The approach seem to promise a way to analyse energy efficiency that captures both promoting and counteracting factors; and at both the micro and macro level.
