Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences

Study of the Effectiveness Ofessential Oils (Anise, Clove)Solution in Controlling Varroa Mites (varroa destructor) on Honey Bees apis mellifera

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Biological Control Technical Department , Al-Mussaib Technical College, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, (ATU), Iraq.

Abstract

This study was conducted at the AL- Musayyib Technical College / Department of Biological-Control Techniques for the period from 1/10 /2021 to 1/4 /2022. The study aimed the effectiveness of essential oils (anise, clove)solution in controlling Varroa mites (Varroa destructor) on honey bees Apis mellifera. The results  indicatd that there are significant differences between all treatments of the essential oil solution (cloves, anise) and the treatment of its Varroa mites in comparison with the control treatment and the natural shedding of Varroa mites after (24, 48) hours of treatment, except for the treatment of cloves and anise at concentration (10). mg/ml, where there were no significant differences between them in the average mortality of Varroa mites. The results also showed in table (1) that there were no significant differences between the treatments of the solution (cloves, anise) in all concentrations in the time periods after (72, 96, 144) hours of treatment.It also showed that there were no significant differences between the treatments of cloves and anise at a concentration of (10) mg/ml after (48) hours of treatment. The results showed  that there are significant differences between the treatments of cloves and anise at the concentration (40) mg/ml and the control treatment in the average mortality of field honey bee workers.The treatment of the essential oil solution of cloves with a concentration of (10) mg/ml achieved the lowest average death rate for the workers, which amounted to (2.42) after (15) hours of treatment, while the treatment of the essential oil solution of cloves at a concentration of (40) mg/ml gave the highest average death. It reached (6.58) after (15) hours of treatment, but it differs significantly with all transactions in Table (2) after 15 hours of treatment. The results revealed showed that there were no significant differences between the two treatments (cloves and anise) in the concentrations (10, 20) mg/ml after (15) hours of treatment in the average mortality of worker bees. Through the results of the statistical analysis in Table (2), it was found that there were no significant differences between all treatments (cloves, aniseed) and the control treatment in the average death of workers in the time period after (40,64) hours of treatment. The results show that a solution of essential oils with concentration (40)mg/ml has a small effect on the worker bees compared to the great effect on Varroa.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
[1]       Humagain, S. (2017). Life cycle of honey bee and uses of honey. September 30, 2018.
[2]       Li, J., Qin, H., Wu, J., Sadd, B. M., Wang, X., Evans, J. D., … Chen, Y. (2012). The Prevalence of Parasites and Pathogens in Asian Honeybees Apis cerana in China, 7(11).
[3]       Rossi, M. and Marrazzo, P., 2021. The potential of honeybee products for biomaterial applications. Biomimetics, 6(1), p.6
[4]       Anderaon, DL ;JWH Truema . 2000  .Varroa jacobsoni   (Acari: Varroidae ) is more than one species ,Experimental and Applied Acarology ,vol .24, p165.
[5]       Kielmanowicz, M. G., A. Inberg, I. M. Lerner, Y. Golani, N. Brown, C. L. Turner, G. J. R. Hayes, and J. M. Ballam. 2015. Prospective large-scale field study generates predictive model identifying major contributors to colony losses. PLoSPathog. 11: 1–20.
[6]       Eliash, N. and Mikheyev, A., 2020. Varroa mite evolution: a neglected aspect of  worldwide bee collapses?. Current opinion in insect science, 39, pp.21-26.
[7]       Jamal, M., Aziz, M.A., Naeem, M., Iqbal, Z., Khalid, A., Siddique, F., Khan, K.A.and Ghramh, H.A., 2020. Detection of flumethrinacaricide residues from honey andbeeswax using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Journal ofKing Saud University-Science, 32(3), pp.2229- 2235.
[8]       Lozano, A., Hernando, M. D., Uclés, S., Hakme, E., &Fern.ndez-Alba, A. R. (2019). Identification and measurement of veterinary drug residues in beehive products. Food Chemistry, 274(April 2018), 61–70.
[9]       Refaei, G.S. (2011) Evaluation of Some Natural Substances Against Varroa Destructor Infesting Honeybee ,Apismelliferain Egypt. JournalAgricultural Research, 89(1): 169–175.
[10]   Mesbah, H.A.A., El-Sayed, N.A., Mourad, A.K. and Abdel-Razik, B.A., 2021. Controlling Varroa destructor Infesting Honey Bee Apis mellifera using Essential Oils as Diet Supplements and as Impregnated Paper. Journalof Plant Protection and Pathology, 12(5), pp.381-387.
[11]   Delaplane, K. S., J. A. Berry, J. A. Skinner, J. P. Parkman, and W. M. Hood.2005. Integrated pest management against Varroa destructor reduces colony mite levels and delays treatment threshold. J. Apicult. Res. 44(4):157–162.
[12]   Flores, J. M., S. Gil, and F. Padilla. 2015. Reliability of the main field diagnostic methods of Varroa in honey bee colonies. Arch. Zootec. 64: 161–165.
[13]   Allen M., (2004). The incidence and world distribution of honey bee viruses, Bee World 77:141– 162.
[14]   Anderson ¸D.L. and j.W.H.Trueman (2000). Varroa jacobsoni (Acari : Varroidae) is more than one species .Experimental and Applied Acarology:24(3)¸165-189
[15]   Tongnuanchan, P. and S.Benjakul. 2014. Essential oils:extraction, bioactivities, and theiruses for food preservation . Journal of Food Science,79(7) 1231- 1249.
[16]   Allam, S. F. and M. E. Zakaria. 2009. Stimulation Effects of the Essential Oils on the Sensory and Defensive Behaviors of Egyptian Honey Bees towards Varroa Invasion. ACARINES, 3: 29-36.
[17]   Kruitwagen, A., van Langevelde, F., van Dooremalen, C., & Blacquière, T. (2017). Naturally selected honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies resistant to Varroa destructor do not groom more intensively. Journal of Apicultural Research, 56(4), 354-365.
[18]   Strauss, U., C. W. W. Pirk, R. M. Crewe, H. Human, and V. Dietemann. 2015. Impact of Varroa destructor on honeybee (Apis mellifera scutellata) colony development in South Africa. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 65: 89–106.
[19]   Steel, R. G. and Y. H. Torrie.1980.Principles and procedures of Statistics. McGrow-Hill Book Co., Inc. New York. PP.480.
[20]   Chamorro, E. R.; A. F.Sequeira; G. A. Velasco; M. F. Zalzar and G. A. Ballerini(2011). Evaluation of TagetesminutaL . Essential Oils to Control Varroa destructor (Acari : Varroidae).Journal of the Argentine Chemical Society, 98: 39–47.
[21]   Hoppe H., 1990. Vergleichende untersuchungen Zur biotechnischen Bekämpfung der Var- Roatose, Dissertation, Justus-Liebig-universität Giessen.
[22]   Figen K., girisgin, A. O. aydin, L.2012, Varroacidal efficacies of essential oils extracted from Lavandula officinalis, Foeniculum vulgare, and Laurus nobilis in naturally infested honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies, Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci, 36(5): 554-559.
[23]   Kraus B., 1990, Untersuchungen Zur olfaktorischen Orientierung Von Varroa jacobsoni Oud. And deren störung durch ätherische Öle, Dissertation, Goethe– universität, Frankfu- Rt Fachbereich Biologie.
[24]   Hoppe H., 1990. Vergleichende untersuchungen Zur biotechnischen Bekämpfung der Var- Roatose, Dissertation, Justus-Liebig-universität Giessen.
[25]   Hjaij, N. and Alburaki, A. 2006, Control of Varroa jacobsoni Oud. by Fumigation with Natural Plant Substances, Arab J. Pl. Prot, 24: 93-97.
[26]   Abd El-Wahab T.E., Ebadah, I.M.A. and Zidan, E.W. 2012, Control of Varroa Mite by Essential Oils and Formic Acid with Their Effects on Grooming Behaviour of Honey Bee Colonies. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2(8): 7674-7680.
Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences
Volume 12, Issue 2
December 2022
Page 130-136
Files
History
  • Receive Date: 25 August 2022
  • Revise Date: 26 August 2022
  • Accept Date: 13 September 2022
Share
Export Citation
Statistics