日本LCA学会誌
Online ISSN : 1881-0519
Print ISSN : 1880-2761
ISSN-L : 1880-2761
特集1「第11回日本LCA 学会研究発表会からの投稿」
責任あるサプライチェーンの実現に向けたニッケル資源利用に関わるリスク要因の整理と解析
佐々木 翔松八重 一代中島 謙一村上 進亮長坂 徹也
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2017 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 2-11

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Objective. Supply and demand trends for mineral resources are changing rapidly due to economic growth in emerging nations and technological innovation in industrialized nations. There is a wide range of direct and indirect impediments that pose potential risks to mineral resource supply chains. These factors include stoppage of mining operations due to strikes, interruption of transport routes due to natural disasters, and policies prohibiting ore exports due to resource nationalism. Strategic management of resources based on these direct and indirect risk factors inherent to supply chains has become an important issue. In this study, the following analyses were performed for the purpose of presenting measures to prevent adverse impacts on mineral resource supply: (1) framework design to comprehensively and broadly capture a variety of risk factors influencing the supply chain, using nickel as a case study; (2) factor analysis to analyze numerous examples of supply impediments with the number of incidents and environmental risk factors as one index; land area modified by ore extraction and geopolitical factors as one index; and a quantitative analysis of the degree of the concentration of ore production.
Results and Discussion. The five categories (Economic, Environmental, Geopolitical, Societal, and Technological) were subdivided by factor into 31 subcategories. It became clear that there were some risk factors for which obtaining data was difficult. A collection of risk events of nickel resource supply impediments confirmed countries regions, and risk factors for which cases data was difficult to obtain. Analysis of land area transformation by nickel resource extraction showed that land modification is increasing with increasing ore extraction in resource producing countries. Estimates of the degree of concentration of nickel ore production for specific mines found that, in certain countries/regions, production was concentrated in specific mines.
Conclusions. To prevent impediments to mineral resource supply, the following conclusions were determined from our analysis:
・ It is necessary to pay attention to risk factors that have been difficult to identify until now.
・ It is important to consider relationships between communities and specific mines or smelters, and to evaluate potential environmental issues related to land transformation.
・ Finally, it is important to plan for dispersion of risk by dispersing supply. When advancing supply from expensive countries with high mineral concentrations, it is necessary to preempt potential failures in the supply chain, including storage, by putting advanced countermeasures in place.

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