초록

나가르주나가 自性(svabhāva)의 空性(śūnyatā)을 천명한 이후, 자성과 의존은 인도 철학에서 주요 논제 가운데 하나가 되었다. 유자성론자들과 중관학파는 이 주제에 대해 오랜 기간 논쟁을 해 왔다. 핵심 쟁점은 자성과 의존의 개념을 존재론적으로 어떻게 설명하는가이다. 이에 관해 먼저 유자성론자들은 자성을 만들어지거나 다른 것에 의존하지 않는 것으로 파악한다. 그들은 자성이 실재한다고 주장한다. 유자성론자들은 存在(sattva)와 非存在(asattva), 有法(dharmin)과 法(dharma)이 모두 자성을 가지고 실재한다고 주장한다. 또한 그들은 자성을 가지고 있는 존재들이 상호 의존하는 것으로 이해한다. 반면에 중관학파는 유자성론자들이 주장하는 자성이 실재하지 않는다고 비판한다. 이 학파에서는 존재와 비존재, 유법과 법이 각각 상호 의존하여 존재하는 것이므로 無自性(niḥsvabhāva) 이라고 말한다. 또한 중관학파는 존재와 비존재의 관계를 개념적 의존으로 파악하고, 유법과 법의 관계를 존재론적 의존으로 파악한다.

키워드

자성, 무자성, 의존, 존재, 비존재, 유법, 법, 나가르주나, 찬드라키르티

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