References
Vatrushin, L.S., Osintsev, V.G., and Kozyrev, A.S., Beskislorodnaya med’ (Oxygen-Free Copper), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1982.
Presnyakov, A.A. and Gnezdilov, N.A., Beskislorodnaya med’ (Oxygen-Free Copper), Alma-Ata: Nauka, 1985.
Linchevskii, B.V., Termodinamika i kinetika vzaimodeistviya gazov s zhidkimi metallami (Thermodynamics and Kinetics of the Interaction of Gases with Liquid Metal), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1986.
Kozlov, V.A., Naboichenko, S.S, and Smirnov, B.N., Rafinirovanie medi (Refining Copper), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1992.
Shirokov, A.V., Miller, O.G., and Turtsov, O.A., Tsvet. Met., 1968, no. 10, pp. 59–61.
Chursin, V.M., Plavka mednykh splavov (Smelting Copper Alloys), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1982.
Chitta, R.N. and Gordon, H.G., Metallurg. Trans., 1971, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 1101–1106.
Atushi, K., Mitsuri, A., Teiriki, T., and Siro, H., J. Japan Inst. Met., 1980, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 665–671.
Fridlyanskii, R.M., Brenner, A.L., and Gutov, V.A., in Plavka i lit’e tsvetnykh metallov i splavov: sb. nauch. tr. Giprotsvetmetobrabotka (Smelting and Casting Nonferrous Metals and Alloys: Proceedings of the State Research and Design Institute of Metal Treatment), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1983, pp. 4–13.
Strel’tsov, F.N., Solovov, A.N., and Erofeev, A.E., in Malootkhodnye i energosberegayushchie protsessy plavki i lit’ya tsvetnykh metallov i splavov: sb. nauch. tr. Giprotsvetmetobrabotka (Low-Waste and Energy-Saving Processes for Smelting and Casting Nonferrous Metals and Alloys: Proceedings of the State Research and Design Institute of Metal Treatment), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1987, pp. 5–11.
Grigoryan, V.A., Belyanchikov, L.N., and Stomakhin, A.Ya., Teoreticheskie osnovy elektrostaleplavil’nykh protsessov (Theoretical Principles of Steel Electrosmelting), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1979.
Revyakin, A.V. and Kuznetsov, L.B., Izv. AN SSSR, Met., 1973, no. 1, pp. 23–29.
Anokhin, S.V., Tikhonovskii, A.L., and Nikiforov, M.S., Probl. Spets. Elektrometall., 1991, no. 4, pp. 40–44.
Anokhin, S.V. and Zhadnevich, M.L., Izv. RAN, Met., 1997, no. 5, pp. 17–19.
Averin, V.V., Revyakin, A.V., Fedorchenko, V.I., and Kozina, L.I., Azot v metallakh (Nitrogen in Metals), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1976.
Kulikov, I.S., Raskislenie metallov (Reduction of Metals), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1975.
Frohberg, M.G., Middendorf, H.-W., and Potschke, J., Metall, 1969, vol. 23, no. 10, p. 1045.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Original Russian Text © E.B. Ten, I.B. Badmazhapova, B.M. Kimanov, 2008, published in “Izvestiya VUZ. Chernaya Metallurgiya,” 2008, No. 7, pp. 41–45.
About this article
Cite this article
Ten, E.B., Badmazhapova, I.B. & Kimanov, B.M. Kinetics of the carbon reduction of liquid copper. Steel Transl. 38, 533–536 (2008). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0967091208070097
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0967091208070097