Abstract
The paper presents an analysis of the state of the art in research into the effect of the composition of lubricants and additives of various origin on the friction of solids. It is shown that the combined application of additives with various structure, including those containing nanomaterials, is most effective from the viewpoint of lubricity. The objective is to attain an ordered state of lubricating films with a low shear strength in the friction zone.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Persson, B.N.J., Sliding Friction: Physical Principles and Applications, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2000.
Kolesnikov, V.I., Teplofizicheskie protsessy v metallopolimernykh tribosistemakh (Thermophysical Processes in Metalpolymer Tribosystems), Moscow: Nauka, 2003.
Drozdov, Yu.N., Yudin, E.G., and Belov, A.I., Prikladnaya tribologiya (trenie, iznos, smazka) (Applied Tribology (Friction, Wear, Lubrication)), Drozdov, Yu.N., Ed., Moscow: Ekho-Press, 2010.
Ludema, K.C., Friction, Wear, Lubrication: A Textbook in Tribology, CRC Press, 1996.
Sovremennaya tribologiya: Itogi i perspektivy (Contemporary Tribology: Totals and Perspectives), Frolov, K.V., Ed., Moscow: LKI, 2008.
Spravochnik po tribotekhnike. T. 1: Teoreticheskie osnovy (A Handbook for Triboengineering: Vol. 1. Theoretical Fundamentals), Khebdy, M., and Chichinadze, A.V., Eds., Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1989.
Bogdanovich, P.N. and Prushak, V.Ya., Trenie i iznos v mashinakh (Friction and Wear in Machines), Minsk: Vysheishaya Shkola, 1999.
Tsvelev, F.A., Malakhov, R.M., and Luzhnov, Yu.M., Electrochemical Effects at Friction, Trenie Smazka Mash. Mekhan., 2006, no. 6, pp. 3–7.
Kimura, Y., Nakano, K., Kato, T., and Morishita, S., Control of Friction Coefficient by Applying Electric Fields across Liquid Crystal Boundary Films, Wear, 1994, vol. 175, pp. 143–149.
Bowden, F.P. and Tabor, D. The Friction and Lubrication of Solids. Part I, Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1950; Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1968.
Semenov, A.P., Antifriction Materials: Experience of Application and Perspectives, Trenie Smazka Mash. Mekhan., 2007, no. 12, pp. 21–36.
Volochko, A.T., Antifriction Properties of Composite Aluminum Materials under Liquid and Boundary Friction, Trenie Iznos, 2005, vol. 26, pp. 638–643.
Zaslavskii, R.N., Perspectives of Tribopolymer-Producing Compounds for Lubrication Material Production, Trenie Smazka Mash. Mekhan., 2006, no. 3, pp. 21–33.
Akhmatov, A.S., Molekulyarnaya fizika granichnogo treniya (Molecular Physics of Boundary Friction), Moscow: Fizmatgiz, 1963.
Garkunov, D.N., Tribotekhnika (Triboengineering), Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1989.
Rebinder, P.A. and Shchukin, E.D., Surface Phenomena in Solids during the Course of Their Deformation and Failure, Sov. Phys.-Usp., 1973, vol. 15, pp. 533–554.
Belyi, V.A. and Sviridenok, A.I., Actual Directions of Development of Study in the Region of Friction and Wear, Trenie Iznos, 1987, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 5–24.
Semenov, A.P., High-Temperature Solid Lubricating Substances, J. Friction Wear, 2007, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 476–488.
Vipper, A.B., Lashkhi, V.L., and Mikutenok, Yu.A., Effect of Friction Modificators on Engine Oil Properties, Trenie Iznos, 1981, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 935–937.
Lobova, T.A. and Marchenko, E.A., Interaction between Friction Surfaces and Lubricating Materials of the 2H-MoS2 Type, J. Friction Wear, 2008, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 295–301.
Lashkhi, V.L., Vipper, A.B., and Kulagin, V.V., OilSoluble Organic Compound of Molibdenum—Additives to Lubricating Oils, Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, 1984, no. 1, pp. 56–58.
Reniver, N.M., Hampshiere, J., and Fox, V.C., Advantages of Using Self-Lubricating, Hard, Wear-Resistant MoS2-Based Coating, Surf. Coat. Techn., 2001, vol. 142–144, pp. 67–77.
Watanabe, S., Noshiro, J., and Miyake, S., Tribological Characteristics of WS2/MoS2 Solid Lubricating Multilayer Films, Surf. Coat. Techn., 2004, vol. 183, pp. 347–351.
Donnet, C. and Erdemir, A., Historical Developments and New Trends in Tribological and Solid Lubricant Coatings, Surf. Coat. Techn., 2004, vol. 180–181, pp. 76–84.
Teer, D.C., New Solid Lubricant Coatings, Wear, 2001, vol. 251, pp. 1068–1064.
Lobova, T.A. and Marchenko, E.A., Tribological Properties of W(Mo)Se2-Ga/In Coatings, Trenie Smazka Mash. Mekhan., 2006, no. 11, pp. 27–31.
Lobova, T.A. and Marchenko, E.A., Modified Solid Lubricating Coatings on Tungsten Diselenide, J. Friction Wear, 2007, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 193–199.
Puchkov, V.N., Semenov, A.P., and Pavlov, V.G., Solid Lubricants: Experience of Application and Perspectives, Trenie Smazka Mash. Mekhan., 2007, no. 11, pp. 36–46.
Bartz, W.J. and Xu, Jinfen, Wear Behavior and Failure of Bonded Solid Lubricants, Wear, 1991, vol. 148, no. 1, pp. 231–246.
Shimizu, T., Iwabuchi, A., Mifune, H., et al., The Frictional Properties of a Spray Bonded MoS2/Sb2O3 Film under the Fretting in Vacuum, Lubr. Eng., 1996, no. 12, pp. 943–948.
Zuev, A.A., Antifriction and Antiwear Characteristics of Silid-Lubricant Components from Chromium and Selenium Disulfide, Trenie Iznos, 1992, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 746–748.
Stephanolopulos, N., Bellido-Gonzalez, V., Hampshire, J., and Teer, D.G., Tribological Study of Optimized MoS2 Coatings on Tool Steel Specimen Pre-Coated with TiN, Tribologic et inginierie des surfacts (Journees d’etudes 1995), STF, SIRPE, 1996, pp. 57–66.
Parenago, O.P., Kuz’mina, G.N., and Terekhin, D.V., Mechanism of MoS3 Triboactive Particle Formation, Tez. dokl. mezhd. nauch.-tekhn. konf. “Polikomtrib-2011” (Proc. Int. Sci.-Tech. Conf. “Polycomtrib-2011”), Gomel’: IMMS NANB, 2011.
Novitskii, V.G., Gavrilyuk, V.P., Panasenko, D.D., Kal’chuk, N.A., and Khoruzhii, V.Ya., The Effect of Lubricating Material and Thermal Treatment on the Resulting Subsurface Layers and Wear Resistance of 40Kh Steel in Sliding Friction, J. Friction Wear, 2002, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 201–206.
Volochko, A.T., Properties of Powder Composite Materials with Lead and Graphite, Izv. Akad. Nauk BSSR, Ser. Fiz.-Tekh. Nauk, 1989, no. 1, pp. 12–16.
Spravochnik po konstruktsionnym materialam (A Handbook on Construction Materials), Arzamasov, B.N. and Solov’eva, T.V., Eds., Moscow: Mos. Gos. Tekh. Univ., 2005, pp. 147–172.
Semenov, A.P. and Nozhenkov, M.V., About Mechanism of Lubricating Action of Solid Antifriction Materials, Trenie Iznos, 1984, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 408–416.
Congrad, J., Alignment of Nematic Liquid Crystals and Their Mixtures, London: Gordon and Breach, 1982.
Markov, A.A., Lun’kov, Yu.V., Nazarova, T.N., and Gusev, V.K., Experimental Study of Adsorption Influence of Lubricating Oils on Wear-Resistance of Metals, Trenie Iznos, 1984, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 538–541.
Bobrov, D., About Friction, Graphite and Nanotechnologies, Nauka i zhizn’, 2008, no. 2, pp. 97–100.
Luty, M., Kostyukovich, G.A., Skaskevich, A.A., Struk, V.A., and Kholodilov, O.V., Methods of Creating of Lubricating Materials with Nanomodifiers, J. Friction Wear, 2002, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 411–424.
Zharinov, S.P., Fluorine-Containing Surfactants for Wear-Resistant Coatings and Lubricants, J. Friction Wear, 1999, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 95–102.
Podgurskas, Yu., Rukuiza, R., Gubanov, V.A., and Troichanskaya, P.E., Influence of Fluoroligomeric Materials on Operation Conditions of Precision and Sealing Friction Pairs, J. Friction Wear, 2000, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 59–65.
Myshkin, N.K., Sviridenok, A.I., and Fridrikh, K., Development of Tribology of Polymer Maretials, Tez. dokl. mezhd. nauch.-tekhn. konf. “Polikomtrib-2011” (Proc. Int. Sci.-Tech. Conf. “Polycomtrib-2011”), Gomel’: IMMS NANB, 2011.
Krasnov, A.P., Afonicheva, O.V., Bazhenova, V.B., and Mit’, V.A., Tribochemical Processes and Nano-Dimension in Polymer Systems, Tez. dokl. mezhd. nauch.-tekhn. konf. “Polikomtrib-2009” (Proc. Int. Sci.-Tech. Conf. “Polycomtrib-2009”), Gomel’: IMMS NANB, 2009.
Krasnov, A.P., Tokareva, N.V., Popov, V.K., et al., Friction and Properties of Ultrahigh-Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE), Finished by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, Trenie Iznos, 2003, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 429–435.
Pleskachevskii, Yu.M. and Agabekov, V.E., Achievements of Chemistry as Fundamental Base of Material Science, Tez. dokl. mezhd. nauch.-tekhn. konf. “Polikomtrib-2011” (Proc. Int. Sci.-Tech. Conf. “Polycomtrib-2011”), Gomel’: IMMS NANB, 2011.
Sel’kin, V.P., Makarenko, A.V., Skorokhod, A.Z., et al., The Effect of Radiation-Induced Cross-Linking on the Wear Rate of Polyvinylidene Fluoride during Friction in a Liquid, J. Friction Wear, 2008, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 45–49.
Pogotskaya, I.V., Chizhik, S.A., and Kuznetsova, T.A., Statistical Power Spectroscopy of Nanostructured Langmuir—Blodjett Films, Tez. dokl. mezhd. nauch.tekhn. konf. “Polikomtrib-2011” (Proc. Int. Sci.-Tech. Conf. “Polycomtrib-2011”), Gomel’: IMMS NANB, 2011.
Pesetskii, S.S., Bogdanovich, S.P., and Myshkin, N.K., Tribological Behavior of Nanocomposites Produced by the Dispersion of Nanofillers in Polymer Melts, J. Friction Wear, 2007, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 457–476.
Ivanov, M.G., Kharlamov, V.V., Buznik, V.M., et al., Tribological Properties of the Grease Containing Polytetrafluorethylene and Ultrafine Diamonds, J. Friction Wear, 2004, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 99–103.
Forum—noveishie tekhnologii bor’by s treniem i iznosom (Forum—The Newest Technologies of Struggle with Friction and Wear), Vladivostok: Vladforum.
Okhlopkova, A.A., Properties of Polytetrafluorethylene Modified by Ultradispersed Diamonds, Materialy, Tekhnologii, Instrumenty, 1999, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 60–63.
Malevich, A.M., Ovchinnikov, E.V., Boiko, Yu.S., and Struk, V.A., Tribological Ptoperties of PTFE Modified by Ultra-Dispersed Clusters of Synthetic Carbon, J. Friction Wear, 1998, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 366–369.
Popov, A.N., Kazachenko, V.P., and Rogachev, A.V., Structure and Triboengineering Properties of Polytetrafluorethylene Coatings, Dispersly-Strenghtening by Nanoparticles Formed from Active Gaseous Phase, in Shkola po plazmokhimii dlya molodykh uchenykh Rossii i stran SNG (School on Plasmochemistry for Young Scientists of Russia and Union of Independent Countries), Moscow: RAN-IGKhTU, 1999.
Chen, W.X., Li, F., Han, G., et al., Tribological Behavior of Carbon-Nanotube-Filled PTFE Composites, Tribology Lett., 2003, vol. 15, pp. 275–278.
Vasiliyev, I.I., A Study of Triboengineering Characteristics of Fine Fullerene Films, J. Friction Wear, 2004, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 412–415.
Komarova, V.I. and Komarov, A.I., Effect Carbon Nanotubes Introduced in Lubricant on Triboengineering Properties and Structure of MDO Coatings, Tez. dokl. mezhd. nauch.-tekhn. konf. “Polikomtrib-2011” (Proc. Int. Sci.-Tech. Conf. “Polycomtrib-2011”), Gomel’: IMMS NANB, 2011.
Ginzburg, B.V. and Tochil’nikov, D.G., Effect of Fullerene-Containing Additives on the Bearing Capacity of Fluoroplastics under Friction, Tech. Phys., 2001, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 249–253.
Vityaz’, P.A., Zhornik, V.I., Kukareko, V.A., and Kamko, A.I., Formation of Wear-Resistant Surface Structures and Mechanism of Their Damage at Friction with Lubricant Modified by Ultradispersed Diamond-Graphite Additives. Part I. Tribological Behavior, J. Friction Wear, 2006, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 55–61.
Vityaz’, P.A., Zhornik, V.I., Kukareko, V.A., and Kamko, A.I., Formation of Wear-Resistant Surface Structures and Mechanism of Their Damage at Friction with Lubricant Modified by Ultradispersed Diamond-Graphite Additives. Part II. Model of Destruction, J. Friction Wear, 2006, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 67–70.
Dmitrichenko, N.F., Mnatsakanov, R.G., Mikosyanchik, O.A., and Kushch, A.I., Wear Kinetics of Contact Surfaces with Use of C60 Fullerene Additive to Motor Oil, J. Friction Wear, 2009, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 399–403.
Hirai, H., Kondo, K., Yoshizawa, N., and Shiraishi, M., C60 Fullerene, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1994, vol. 64, pp. 1797–1799.
Epanchitsev, O.G., Zubchenko, A.S., and Tret’kav, Yu.D., Shock Wave Synthesis of Diamonds of Micron Size from Fullerenes, Doklady Ross. Akad. Nauk, 1995, vol. 340, no. 2, pp. 201–203.
Kireenko, O.F., Ginzburg, B.M., and Bulatov, V.P., The Effect of Fullerene on the Tribological Characteristics of Plastic Greases, J. Friction Wear, 2002, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 304–309.
Ginzburg, B.M., Kireenko, O.F., Tochil’nikov, D.G., and Bulatov, V.P., Formation of Antiwear Structure upon Sliding Friction of Steel along Copper in the Presence of Fullerene or Fullerene Carbon-Black, Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1995, vol. 21, no. 23, pp. 38–42.
Shepelevekii, A.A., Shibaev, L.A., Ginzburg, B.M., and Bulatov, V.P., Effect of C60 Fullerene on Lubricating Process in Steel-Copper Trubopair Clearance, Zh. Prikl. Khim., 1999, vol. 72, no. 7, pp. 1198–1203.
Savkin, V.G., Chmykhova, T.G., Delikatnaya, I.O., and Volnyanko, E.N., The Influence of External Effects on the Structurization of Lubricating Materials, J. Friction Wear, 2007, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 557–560.
Savkin, V.G., Smurugov, V.A., Chmykhova, T.G., and Delikatnaya, I.O., Wetting and Spreading of Oils Containing Surfactants and Superdispersed Fillers, J. Friction Wear, 2004, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 382–389.
Kudina E.F., Kushnerov D.N., Tyurina S.I., and Chmykhova T.G., Effect of Dispersed Organic Silica on the Tribological Behavior of Greases, J. Friction Wear, 2003, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 71–76.
Volnyanko, E.N., Ermakov, S.F., and Smurugov, V.A., Influence of a Lubricant Modified with Fine-Dispersed β-Sialon on a Steel Surface Structure under Friction Loading, J. Surf. Invest.: X-ray, Synchrotron, and Neutron Techniques, 2008, no. 5, pp. 738–743.
Kolesnikov, V.I., Myasnikov, N.A., Volnyanko, E.N., et al., Lubricants with Ceramic Nanoadditives and Wear-Resistant Surface Structures for Heavy-Duty Frictional Joints, Russ. Eng. Res., 2011, no. 5, pp. 454–457.
Dolgopolov, K.N., Lyubimov, D.N., Ponomarenko, A.G., et al., The Structure of Lubricating Layers Appearing during Friction in the Presence of Additives of Mineral Friction Modifiers, J. Friction Wear, 2009, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 377–381.
Lyubimov, D.N., Dolgopolov, K.N., Kozakov, A.T., and Nikol’skii, A.V., Improvement of Exploitation Properties of Lubricating Materials by Use of Clay Mineral Additives, Tez. dokl. mezhd. nauch.-tekhn. konf. “Polikomtrib-2011” (Proc. Int. Sci.-Tech. Conf. “Polycomtrib-2011”), Gomel’: IMMS NANB, 2011.
Zaslavskii, R.N., Asrieva, V.D., and Zaslavskii, Yu.S., About Mechanism of Antiwear Action and Results of Tests of Plastic Lubricant with Tribopolymerformating Stiffener, Trenie Iznos, 1981, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 125–133.
Lapteva, V.G., Dokuchaeva, E.N., and Kaplina, V.F., Wear-Resistance of Technological Equipment Friction Pairs at the Use of Tribopolymerformating Lubricating Materials, Trenie Iznos, 1985, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 98–106.
Pinchuk, L.S. and Gol’dade, V.A., Elektretnye Materialy v Mashinostroenii (Electret Materials in Engineering), Gomel’: Infotribo, 1998.
Silin, A.A., Friction in Cosmic Vacuum, Trenie Iznos, 1980, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 168–178.
Silin, A.A., About Behavior and Stability of Artificially Activated Tribosystems, Trenie, Iznos Smaz. Mater., 1985, vol. 2, pp. 296–299.
Izbiratel’nyi perenos v tyazhelonagruzhennykh uzlakh treniya (Selective Transfer in Hardly Loaded Friction Joints) Garkunov, D.N., Ed., Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1982.
Litvinov, V.N., Mikhin, N.M., and Myshkin, N.K., Fiziko-khimicheskaya mekhanika izbiratel’nogo perenosa pri trenii (Physico-Chemical Mechanics of Selective Transfer at Friction), Moscow: Nauka, 1979.
Rybakova, M.L. and Kuksenova, L.I., Struktura i iznosostoikost’ metalla (Structure and Wear-Resistance of Metal), Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1982.
Chigarenko, G.G., Ponomarenko, A.G., Burlov, A.S., and Chigarenko, A.G., Efficient Additives on the Basis of Azo-(Azomethine) Coordination Compounds of Transition Metals, J. Friction Wear, 2007, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 377–382.
Chigarenko, G.G., Ponomarenko, A.G., Burlov, A.S., et al., Effect of Chemical Structure of Coordination Compounds of Transient Metals on Lubricating Characteristics of Oils, J. Friction Wear, 2006, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 92–97.
Ermakov, S.F., Rodnenkov, V.G., Beloenko, E.D., and Kupchinov, B.I., Zhidkie kristally v tekhnike i meditsine (Liquid Crystals in Engineering and Medicine), Minsk: Asar, 2002.
Kolesnikov, V.I., Ermakov, S.F., and Sychev, A.P., Triboinduced Adsorption of Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials under Friction Interaction of Solids, Dokl.-Phys., 2009, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 269–272.
Kolesnikov, V.I., Savenkova, M.A., Bulgarevich, S.B., et al., Investigation of the Triboengineering Characteristics of Plastic Railway Greases with Inorganic Polymeric Additives, J. Friction Wear, 2008, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 200–204.
Kolesnikov, V.I., Ermakov, S.F., Daniel’, F., et al., Synthesis and Study of Triboengineering Characteristics of a New Nanosize Ceramic Nickel Phosphoromolybdate Additive to Greases, J. Friction Wear, 2010, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 426–432.
Kolesnikov, V.I., Kozakov, A.T., and Migal’, Yu.F., Study of Friction and Wear in the Wheel-Rail System by X-ray Electron and Auger-Electron Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry, J. Friction Wear, 2010, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 11–22.
Rebinder, P.A., Fiziko-khimicheskaya mekhanika: Izbr. Trudy (Physico-Chemical Mecanics: Selected Papers), Moscow: Nauka, 1979.
Buyanovskii, I.A., Application of the Kinetic Approach to Description of the Process of Boundary Lubrication, J. Friction Wear, 2003, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 313–322.
Chichinadze, A.V., Buyanovskii, I.A., and Gurskii, B.E., The Diagram of Transitions and the Screening Effect of Lubricating Layer, J. Friction Wear, 2002, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 334–341.
Moore, D., Principles and Applications of Tribology, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1975.
Ermakov, S.F., Parkalov, V.P., Shardin, V.A., and Shuldykov, R.A., The Effect of Liquid Crystalline Additives on the Triboengineering Characteristics of Dynamically Contacting Surfaces and the Mechanism of Their Friction Interaction, J. Friction Wear, 2004, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 87–91.
Tribology and the Liquid-Crystalline States, Biresaw, G., Ed., Am. Chem. Soc., Simp. Ser., 1990, no. 441.
Sonin A.S., Introduction in Liquid Crystal Physics, Moscow: Nauka, 1983.
Buyanovskii, I.A., Drozdov, Yu.N., Ignat’eva, Z.N., et al., Effect of Orienting Coatings on the Apparent Activation Energy of Boundary Film Destruction, J. Friction Wear, 2007, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 12–18.
Buyanovskii, I.A., Levchenko, V.A., Ignat’eva, Z.V., and Matveenko, V.N., Nanostructured Carbon Coating-Orientant and Its Interaction with Boundary Lubricating Layers, J. Friction Wear, 2009, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 415–419.
Buyanovskii, I.A., Ignat’eva, Z.V., Levchenko, V.A., and Matveenko, V.N., Orientation Ordering of Boundary Layers and Lubricity of Oils, J. Friction Wear, 2008, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 282–287.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © S.F. Ermakov, 2012, published in Trenie i Iznos, 2012, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 90–111.
About this article
Cite this article
Ermakov, S.F. The effect of lubricants and additives on the tribological performance of solids. Part 1. Passive friction control. J. Frict. Wear 33, 72–87 (2012). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068366612010059
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068366612010059