정조는 장서인을 본격적으로 사용한 조선의 국왕이었다. 현재 규장각한국학연구원에는 정조의 장서인이 압인된 중국본 104종의 서적이 소장되어 있다. 본 연구는 정조의 중국본 장서를 대상으로 중국본에 압인된 정조 장서인의 인문을 정리하여 정조 장서인의 실제를 보이고, 그 압인 방식과 특징을 밝혔다. 그리하여 장서인의 인문에 나타난 그의 학문적, 정치적 지향을 조명하였고, 그의 중국본 독서 편력을 일부나마 역으로 추적하였다.
규장각에 현전하는 정조의 중국본 장서 규모는 총 104종 6431책이며, 중국본에 압인된 정조의 장서인은 모두 33종이었다. 그 가운데 別號印이 11종, 身分印이 11종, 齋館印이 2종, 收藏印이 3종, 紀年印 1종, 閑文印이 5종이었다. 중국본에만 쓰인 장서인은 별호인 <顧菴藏>, 수장인 <傳世寶藏>, <朝鮮國>, 기년인 <己卯受冊辛巳齒學>, 한문인 <震離相生>, <讀書之樂何處尋 數點梅花天地心>이 있었다.
정조 장서인의 특징은 사대부들처럼 본관, 이름, 자를 나타내는 姓名印, 字號印, 鄕貫印이 없다는 점이다. 대신 그는 별호인, 신분인, 한문인 또는 수장인을 주로 사용했다. 조선본은 약 75%정도 인장을 2과만 압인하는데 비해, 중국본은 2과의 인장과 3과 이상의 인장을 거의 비슷하게 압인했다. 또한 정조는 중국본에도 세손 시절 사용하던 인장과 즉위 후 사용하던 인장을 구별하여 사용했다. 인문이 같더라도 세손 때 사용한 것과 별개의 장서인을 제작하여 사용한 경우도 있다.
중국본의 압인 방식은 조선본과는 의미 있는 차이를 보였다. 세손 시절 압인한 장서인의 경우 조선본과 유사하게 제1행 또는 제2행을 띄우고 2행-4행 사이에 압인하였다. 예외적으로 <觀物軒>, <貳極之章>의 경우는 우측 하단 광각에 가깝게 붙여서 찍었다. 그리고 <春宮小璽>, <翰墨寶藏> 같은 큰 인장은 권수면 상단 중앙에 압인했다. 즉위 후에는 권수 제1면부터 장서인을 압인했다. <朝鮮國>, <弘齋>, <萬幾之暇>를 조합하여 압인하였는데, <朝鮮國>은 서문이 실려 있는 제1책 제1면 우측 상단에 광각에 가깝게 압인하였고, 이와 짝이 되는 <弘齋>, <萬幾之暇> 등의 인장은 서문이 끝나고 권1이 시작하는 권수에 압인하였다. 이후 제2책부터는 권수 면에 위 인장들을 함게 압인하였다.
정조는 대체적으로 경전류, 역사서와 같이 서적의 내용에 따라 인장을 구분하여 사용했다. 먼저 세손 시절 수득한 책에 압인한 사례를 정리하면, 경부에는 <顧菴藏>, <震宮之章>, <己卯受冊辛巳齒> 또는 <弘齋>, <承華藏圭>, <大文章自六經來/讀書有三到眼到口到心到/作文有三到氣到神到識到>를, 자부에는 <弘齋>, <承華藏圭>, 집부에는 <觀物軒>, <貳極之章>을 압인하는 경우가 많았다. 즉위 후에는 사부 분류에 상관없이 <朝鮮國>, <弘齋>, <萬機之暇>를 조합하여 압인하는 경우가 많았다.
Jeongjo was the king who had many collection seals. There are 104 old books of 6431 volumes which were printed in China and sealed by his collection seals. This thesis focused on the reading of phrases of the collection seals, and decoding the way of sealing, to show his political and academic intention. There are 33 collection seals, which were sealed in Chinese printed books, of which, there are 11 Byolho(literary name) seals, 11 Sinbun (identification) seals, 2 Jaeguan(house or room name) seals, 3 Sujang (storage) seals, 1 Ginyeon(year record) seal, 5 Hanmun seals. The seals especially used on the books printed in China, was Byolho seal Goamjang, Sujang seal Jeonsebojang, Joseongug, Ginyeon seal Gimyosuchagsinsachihag, Hanmun seal Jinrisangsaeng, Dogseojilaghacheosim Sujeonmaihuacheonjisim. The feature of Jeongjo’s collection seal was that he had no Seongmyeong (full name) seal, Jaho seal, Hyangguan(Family Origin) seal. Instead, he used Byolho seals, Sinbun seals, Sujang seals or Hanmun seals. Almost 75% of Korean printed old books were imprinted with 2 seals but half of Chinese printed old books were imprinted with 3 seals. He used different seals between Crown Prince period and King’s reign period. The way of sealing on the Chinese printed books was different from the way of sealing on the Korean printed books. The seals were imprinted on the very first page. During the Crown Prince period, the seals were imprinted between 2nd and 4th line with the 1st line being empty. Guanmulheon and Igeugjijang were imprinted in the right and downside of the book’s border. And the big seals, such as Chungungsosae, Hanmugbojang were imprinted the middle upper part of the first page. Joseongug was imprinted the right upper side of the very first page and Hongjae and Mangijiga were followed in the volume’s first page. Jeongjo used different collection seals dpending on the contents of the book. During the Crown Prince period, he imprinted Goamjang, Jingungjijang, Gimyosuchagsinsachihag, or Hongjae, Seunghuajanggyu, Daemunjangjayuggyeong- lae on Gyeongbu; Hongjae, Seunghuajanggyu on Jabu, Guanmulheon, Igeugjijang on Jibbu. After he became the king, Joseonggug, Hongjae, Mangijiga were imprinted regardless of the book’s classification.
Jeongjo was the king who had many collection seals. There are 104 old books of 6431 volumes which were printed in China and sealed by his collection seals. This thesis focused on the reading of phrases of the collection seals, and decoding the way of sealing, to show his political and academic intention. There are 33 collection seals, which were sealed in Chinese printed books, of which, there are 11 Byolho(literary name) seals, 11 Sinbun (identification) seals, 2 Jaeguan(house or room name) seals, 3 Sujang (storage) seals, 1 Ginyeon(year record) seal, 5 Hanmun seals. The seals especially used on the books printed in China, was Byolho seal Goamjang, Sujang seal Jeonsebojang, Joseongug, Ginyeon seal Gimyosuchagsinsachihag, Hanmun seal Jinrisangsaeng, Dogseojilaghacheosim Sujeonmaihuacheonjisim. The feature of Jeongjo’s collection seal was that he had no Seongmyeong (full name) seal, Jaho seal, Hyangguan(Family Origin) seal. Instead, he used Byolho seals, Sinbun seals, Sujang seals or Hanmun seals. Almost 75% of Korean printed old books were imprinted with 2 seals but half of Chinese printed old books were imprinted with 3 seals. He used different seals between Crown Prince period and King’s reign period. The way of sealing on the Chinese printed books was different from the way of sealing on the Korean printed books. The seals were imprinted on the very first page. During the Crown Prince period, the seals were imprinted between 2nd and 4th line with the 1st line being empty. Guanmulheon and Igeugjijang were imprinted in the right and downside of the book’s border. And the big seals, such as Chungungsosae, Hanmugbojang were imprinted the middle upper part of the first page. Joseongug was imprinted the right upper side of the very first page and Hongjae and Mangijiga were followed in the volume’s first page. Jeongjo used different collection seals dpending on the contents of the book. During the Crown Prince period, he imprinted Goamjang, Jingungjijang, Gimyosuchagsinsachihag, or Hongjae, Seunghuajanggyu, Daemunjangjayuggyeong- lae on Gyeongbu; Hongjae, Seunghuajanggyu on Jabu, Guanmulheon, Igeugjijang on Jibbu. After he became the king, Joseonggug, Hongjae, Mangijiga were imprinted regardless of the book’s classification.
