By means of investigating the historical development of the new reproductive technologies (NRT) in Taiwan since 1950s, I demonstrate how the heterosexual patriarchy shapes the medical treatment of infertility, and how the NRT could transform the sex/gender system. In the 1950s, the reproductive ideologies that equated women with procreation exempted men from infertility examination and treatment. In the 70s, the emphasis on the couple as a unit for infertility exam, as well as the use of artificial insemination using donors' semen, challenged the orthodoxy of husbands' lineage. However in the 90s, while the voice of ”men first” in the infertility exam further linked men with reproduction, as the NRT advanced, women had to experience more and more intrusive medical intervention. Particularly, with the availability of in-vitro fertilization and ICSI, fertile women with their infertile male partners often had to undergo more medical intrusion. While the heterosexual couples tended to apply the NRT to the attainment of biological parenthood, the characteristics of the NRT that separate heterosexual sex from procreation led single women and lesbians to use the NRT to have their own children. Also in the 90s, the medical gaze extended from the infertile bodies to various dimensions of social lives, thus implying the birth of a society of medicalized conception. This paper stresses that only by seeing the multiple meanings and diverse uses of the NRT, as well as the complexity of the sex/gender system, could we reveal the dynamic interactions between the NRT and the society.