Studies on Taiwan population have indicated that the prevalence of dementia is approximately 1.7~4.4% among elderly people, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been identified as the most common type of dementia. The lower prevalence rate might be due to the simple lifestyles of Chinese/Taiwanese elderly, higher selective mortality, and lower prevalence of the APOE4 allele in the Chinese/Taiwanese population. The prevalence and clinical manifestations of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in Taiwan are similar to those presented in Western reports, suggesting that most of BPSD are neurobiologically determined. Owing to different cultural backgrounds, the interpretation of agitation and apathy might differ. Dementia patients in Taiwan are mostly taken care by their spouses, daughters-in-law, or other adult family members, and this burden of care may become a serious problem in Taiwan.