Diagnostic performance of two ultrasound techniques for the detection of cleft palate without cleft lip: axial-transverse and equal sign

O.Y. Celik, M. Bucak, E. Saglam, N.C. Kahraman, A.O. Kaymak, O. Arat, M. Ibanoglu, T.T. İlhan, E. Ergun, S. Celen, C. Iskender

Department of Perinatology, University of Health Sciences, Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women’s Health Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. ozgeyucel86@hotmail.com

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• Gynecology
• Pediatrics
• Radiology

OBJECTIVE: There is no study that compares the diagnostic performance of ATV and ESV techniques in detecting cleft palate. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of two ultrasound techniques: axial-transverse (ATV) and “equal sign” view (ESV), in detecting fetal cleft palate without cleft lip.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective study was conducted from March 2019 to January 2022 in a tertiary referral hospital. Secondary palates were assessed with ATV and ESV by two experienced fetal medicine specialists who were blinded to each other’s ultrasound findings. Final diagnosis was done according to postnatal physical examination. The sensitivity and specificity of the two techniques were calculated.

RESULTS: A total of 311 pregnancies which met the study criteria were evaluated. Postnatal physical examination showed that 13 (0.4%) neonates had cleft palate only (CPO). According to final diagnosis the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for ATV were 100%, 98.7%, 76.4%, 100% and 100% for ESV were 76.9%, 97.8%, 58.9% and 99%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: ATV in 2D ultrasound provides higher sensitivity and specificity than ESV in detecting CPO.

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