Identifying Tourists as Stakeholders in Destination Marketing Cooperation:

A Case Study in China

Authors

  • Yexinghan hu Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
  • Nor Zafir Bt. Md. Salleh Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i10.5340

Keywords:

Stakeholder Identification, Destination Cooperation, Marketing, China

Agencies:

connecting ASIA

Abstract

Recent studies began to notice the significance of taking tourists into destination stakeholders, because the essence of destination is the primary place for tourist consumption. With empirical experience from a case study in Jing-Jin-Ji region, China, this paper classifies tourists’ stakeholder type as Dominant Stakeholders in destination marketing cooperation within Mitchell’s salience theory’ typology according to their salience attributes of legitimacy and urgency. Then, to explore factors influencing the success of cooperation from tourist stakeholder’s perspective, this paper analyzes tourist flow changes responding to the progress of destination marketing cooperation, and further understands these factors with the support of interviews with tourist’s group and other critical stakeholders. Finally, three major factors are found including the priority of tourism industry to destination governments, the priority of tourism cooperation to destination marketing organizations, and involvement of tourism enterprises in cooperation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Baggio, R., Scott, N., & Cooper, C. (2010). Network science. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(3), 802-827.

Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21(1), 97-116.

Castells, M. (2011). The rise of the network society. John wiley & sons.

Cheung, R. S. Y., & Pires, G. D. (2015). The role of power distance in the application of relationship marketing orientation to the internal business environment. Global Business and Economics Review, 17(3), 330-343.

Deslandes, D. D., Goldsmith, R. E., Bonn, M., & Joseph, S. (2006). Measuring destination image: Do the existing scales work? Tourism Review International, 10(3), 141-153.

Formica, S., & Kothari, T. H. (2008). Strategic Destination Planning: Analyzing the Future of Tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 46(4), 355-367.

Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Boston: Pitman.

Freeman, R. E. (1994). The politics of stakeholder theory: Some future directions. Business Ethics Quarterly, 4(4), 409-421.

Fyall, A., Garrod, B., & Tosun, C. (2006). Destination marketing: A framework for future research. Progress in tourism marketing, 75-86.

Fyall, A., Garrod, B., & Wang, Y. C. (2012). Destination collaboration: A critical review of theoretical approaches to a multi-dimensional phenomenon. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 1(1-2), 10-26.

Garrod, B., Fyall, A., Leask, A., & Reid, E. (2012). Engaging residents as stakeholders of the visitor attraction. Tourism Management, 33(5), 1159-1173.

Hao, X. Y., & Xu, P. W. (2017). Comparison of urban networks by Baidu Index and gravity model: a study of Jing-Jin-Ji urban agglomeration. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science), 53(04), 479-485.

Henderson, J. (2001). Strategic alliances and destination marketing: The Greater Mekong subregion. Pacific Tourism Review, 4(4), 149-159.

Huang, X. K., Zhang, L. F., & Ding, Y. S. (2013). Study on the predictive and relationship between Tourist attractions and the Baidu Index: A case study of the Forbidden City. Tourism Tribune, 28(11), 93-100.

Islam, M. W., Ruhanen, L., & Ritchie, B. W. (2018). Adaptive co-management: A novel approach to tourism destination governance? Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 37, 97-106.

Li, S., Qiu, R. X. and Chen, L. (2008). Cyberspace attention of tourist attractions based on Baidu index: Temporal distribution and precursor effect. Geography and Geoinformation Science, 24(6), 102-107.

Line, N. D., & Wang, Y. (2017). A multi-stakeholder market oriented approach to destination marketing. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6(1), 84-93.

Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R., & Wood, D. J. (1997). Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts. Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 853-886.

Mitchell, R. K., Lee, J. H., & Agle, B. R. (2017). Stakeholder prioritization work: The role of stakeholder salience in stakeholder research. In Stakeholder Management (pp. 123-157): Emerald Publishing Limited.

Naipaul, S., Wang, Y., & Okumus, F. (2009). Regional destination marketing: A collaborative approach. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 26(5-6), 462-481.

Pike, S., & Page, S. J. (2014). Destination Marketing Organizations and destination marketing: A narrative analysis of the literature. Tourism Management, 41, 202-227.

Polonsky, M. J., Schuppisser, D. S. W., & Beldona, S. (2002). A stakeholder perspective for analyzing marketing relationships. Journal of Market-Focused Management, 5(2), 109-126.

Prebensen, N. K., Vittersø, J., & Dahl, T. I. (2013). Value co-creation significance of tourist resources. Annals of Tourism Research, 42, 240-261.

Ritchie, J. B., & Crouch, G. I. (2003). The competitive destination: A sustainable tourism perspective: Cabi.

Scott, N., Cooper, C., & Baggio, R. (2008). Destination Networks: four Australian cases. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(1), 169-188.

Sheehan, L. R., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (2005). Destination stakeholders exploring identity and salience. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(3), 711-734.

von Friedrichs Grängsjö, Y. (2003). Destination networking: Co‐opetition in peripheral surroundings. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 33(5), 427-448.

Wang, Y., & Xiang, Z. (2007). Toward a Theoretical Framework of Collaborative Destination Marketing. Journal of Travel Research, 46(1), 75-85.

Wheeler, M. (1993). Tourism marketers in local government. Annals of Tourism Research, 20(2), 354-356.

Wong, E. P. Y., Mistilis, N., & Dwyer, L. (2011). A framework for analyzing intergovernmental collaboration – The case of ASEAN tourism. Tourism Management, 32(2), 367-376.

Yin, J. (2014). Case study research design and methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.

Zehrer, A., & Hallmann, K. (2015). A stakeholder perspective on policy indicators of destination competitiveness. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 4(2), 120-126.

Qureshi, M. I., & Khan, N. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC on sustainable development goals: What we learn from the past and where we are heading?. Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis Journal, 1(1), 30-47.

Additional Files

Published

2021-10-14