Abstract
Iron catalyst for ammonia synthesis of various mean sizes of iron nanocrystallites were nitrided with ammonia in a differential reactor equipped with systems that made it possible to conduct both thermogravimetric measurements and hydrogen concentration analyses in the reacting gas mixture. The nitriding process was investigated under atmospheric pressure at the temperature of 475°C. It was found that along with an increase of mean size of iron nanocrystallites, with a decrease of specific surface area of the samples, nitriding degree of solid samples increased. At the same time the rate of surface reaction of catalytic ammonia decomposition decreased. Along with an increase of the samples’ specific surface area an increase of the catalyst’s activity was observed. However, it was also observed that the concentration of active sites on the catalysts’ surface decreased along with an increase of specific surface area.
[1] A. Nielsen, An Investigation on Promoted Iron (Jul. Gjellerups Forlag, Copenhagen, 1968) Search in Google Scholar
[2] J.R. Jennings (Ed.), Catalytic ammonia synthesis fundamentals and practice (Plenum Press, New York, 1991) 10.1007/978-1-4757-9592-9Search in Google Scholar
[3] A. Nielsen (Ed.), Ammonia, catalyst and manufacture (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1995) Search in Google Scholar
[4] W.G. Frankenburg, In: P.H. Emmet (Ed.), Catalysis (Reinhold, New York, 1955) Vol. 3 Search in Google Scholar
[5] G. Ertl, In: J.R. Jennings (Ed.), Catalytic ammonia synthesis fundamentals and practice (Plenum Press, New York, 1991) 10.1007/978-1-4757-9592-9Search in Google Scholar
[6] G. Ertl, S.B. Lee, M. Weiss, Surf. Sci. 114, 527 (1982) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(82)90703-810.1016/0039-6028(82)90703-8Search in Google Scholar
[7] G. Ertl, In: T. Inui (Ed.), Successful design of catalysts (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1998) Search in Google Scholar
[8] M. Figurski, W. Arabczyk, Z. Lendzion-Bieluń, R.J. Kaleńczuk, S. Lenart, Appl. Catal. A: General 247, 9 (2003) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0926-860X(03)00084-X10.1016/S0926-860X(03)00084-XSearch in Google Scholar
[9] M. Figurski, W. Arabczyk, Z. Lendzion-Bieluń, S. Lenart, Appl. Catal. A: General 266, 11 (2004) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2004.01.03210.1016/j.apcata.2004.01.032Search in Google Scholar
[10] Z. Lendzion-Bieluń, W. Arabczyk, Appl. Catal. A: General 207, 37 (2001) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0926-860X(00)00614-110.1016/S0926-860X(00)00614-1Search in Google Scholar
[11] Z. Lendzion-Bieluń, W. Arabczyk, M. Figurski, Appl. Catal. A: General 227, 255 (2002) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0926-860X(01)00938-310.1016/S0926-860X(01)00938-3Search in Google Scholar
[12] W. Arabczyk, I. Jasińska, Przem. Chem. 85/2, 130 (2006) Search in Google Scholar
[13] W. Arabczyk, U. Narkiewicz, D. Moszyński, Langmuir 15/18, 5785 (1999) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la981132x10.1021/la981132xSearch in Google Scholar
[14] W. Arabczyk, K. Kałucki, In: L. Guczi, F. Salymosi, P. Tétényi (Eds.), New Frontiers in Catalysis. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Catalysis, 19–24 July 1992, Budapest, Hungary; Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 75, 2539 (1993) Search in Google Scholar
[15] W. Arabczyk, U. Narkiewicz, K. Kałucki, Vacuum 45, 267 (1994) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-207X(94)90186-410.1016/0042-207X(94)90186-4Search in Google Scholar
[16] W. Arabczyk, Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 7/3, 8 (2005) Search in Google Scholar
[17] I. Jasińska, K. Lubkowski, W. Arabczyk, Annals of the Polish Chemical Society 2, 1205 (2003) Search in Google Scholar
[18] W. Arabczyk, I. Jasińska, K. Lubkowski, Reac. Kin. Catal. Lett. 83/2, 385 (2004) http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:REAC.0000046101.89184.b810.1023/B:REAC.0000046101.89184.b8Search in Google Scholar
[19] R. Schlögl, In: J.R. Jennings (Ed.), Catalytic ammonia synthesis fundamentals and practice (Plenum Press, New York, 1991) Search in Google Scholar
[20] I. Moszyńska, D. Moszyński, W. Arabczyk, Przem. Chem. 88/5, 526 (2009) Search in Google Scholar
[21] K. Kiełbasa, R. Pelka, W. Arabczyk, J. Phys. Chem. A 114/13, 4531 (2010) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp909928610.1021/jp9099286Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[22] W. Arabczyk, J. Zamłynny, D. Moszyński, Polish J. Chem. 80, 345 (2006) Search in Google Scholar
[23] W. Arabczyk, D. Moszyński, U. Narkiewicz, R. Pelka, M. Podsiadły, Catal. Today 124, 43 (2007) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2007.02.00310.1016/j.cattod.2007.02.003Search in Google Scholar
[24] W. Arabczyk, J. Zamłynny, D. Moszyński, K. Kałucki, Polish J. Chem. 79, 1495 (2005) Search in Google Scholar
[25] W. Arabczyk, R. Pelka, J. Phys. Chem. A 113, 411 (2009) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp807975910.1021/jp8079759Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[26] R. Pelka, I. Moszyńska, W. Arabczyk, Catal. Lett. 128, 72 (2009) http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10562-008-9758-010.1007/s10562-008-9758-0Search in Google Scholar
[27] W. Arabczyk, R. Wróbel, Solid State Phenomena 94, 185 (2003) http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.94.18510.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.94.185Search in Google Scholar
[28] R. Pelka, P. Glinka, W. Arabczyk, Materials Science-Poland 26/2, 349 (2008) Search in Google Scholar
[29] R. Pelka, W. Arabczyk, Topics in Catalysis 52/11, 1506 (2009) http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11244-009-9297-y10.1007/s11244-009-9297-ySearch in Google Scholar
[30] Z. Kowalczyk, J. Sentek, S. Jodzis, M. Muhler, O. Hinrichsen, J. Catal. 169, 407 (1997) http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1997.166410.1006/jcat.1997.1664Search in Google Scholar
[31] N. Takezawa, I. Toyoshima, J. Phys. Chem. 70, 594 (1966) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100874a50910.1021/j100874a509Search in Google Scholar
[32] N. Takezawa, I. Toyoshima, J. Res. Inst. Catalysis, Hokkaido Univ. 14, 41 (1966) Search in Google Scholar
© 2011 Versita Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
