Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is used parenterally for treatment of threatened abortions and repeated spontaneous abortion in pregnant women. No controlled epidemiological studies of preterm birth and low birthweight newborns in pregnant women with HCG treatment have been published while the results of animal investigations were controversial. The data of 97 pregnant women with HCG treatment in the second and third months of pregnancy due to threatened abortion and/or previous spontaneous abortion(s) was compared with the data of other 38,054 pregnant women in the population-based large data set of the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities. There was no difference in mean gestational age at delivery and birth weight, in addition the rate of preterm birth and low birthweight newborns. Parenteral HCG treatment in the early pregnancy due to threatened abortion did not associate with a higher risk for preterm births or low birthweight newborns. However, a higher occurrence of gestational diabetes was found in pregnant women with HCG treatment and there was a slight male excess among newborn infants (p=0.06).
[1] Conlson C.J., Molecular mechanism of drug action. Taylor and Francis, London. 1988 Search in Google Scholar
[2] Sakai N., Endo A., Potential teratogenicity of gonadotropin treatment for ovulation induction in the mouse offspring. Teratology, 1987, 36, 229–233 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tera.142036021110.1002/tera.1420360211Search in Google Scholar
[3] Bussi R., Ciampolillo C., Commotto L., Komatsu S., Maraschin R., Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of SJ-0021 (v-hFSH). Yakuri to Chiryo., 1995, 23, 1953–1997 cit. Shepard TH, and Lemire RJ, 2004. Search in Google Scholar
[4] Hultquist G.T., Engfeldt B., Growth of rat fetuses produced experimentally by means of administration of hormones to the mother during pregnancy. Acta Endocrinol (Kbh), 1949, 3, 365–376 10.1530/acta.0.0030365Search in Google Scholar
[5] Hack M., Brish M., Serr D., Insler V., Lunenfeld B., Outcome of pregnancy after induced ovulation. Follow-up of pregnancies and children born after gonadotropin therapy. J.A.M.A., 1970, 211, 791–793 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.211.5.79110.1001/jama.211.5.791Search in Google Scholar
[6] Ben-Rafael Z., Mashiach S., Velsner G., Farine D., Lunenfeld B., Serr D.M., Spontaneous pregnancy and its outcome after human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin-induced pregnancy. Fertil. Steril., 1981, 36, 560–566 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)45851-6Search in Google Scholar
[7] Ben-Rafael Z., Dor J., Mashiach S., Blankstein J., Lunenfeld B., Serr D.M., Abortion rate in pregnancies following ovulation induced by human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin. Fertil. Steril., 1983, 39, 157–162 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)46812-3Search in Google Scholar
[8] Caspi E., Ronen J., Schreyer P., Goldberg M.D., The outcome of pregnancy after gonadotrophin therapy. Br. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 1996, 83, 967–973 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1976.tb00783.xSearch in Google Scholar
[9] Shepard T.H., Lemire R.J., Catalog of Teratogenic Agents. 11th ed. John Hopkins. Univ. Press, Baltimore, 2004 Search in Google Scholar
[10] Czeizel A.E., Rockenbauer M., Siffel Cs., Varga E., Description and mission evaluation of the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities, 1980–1996. Teratology, 2001, 63, 176–185 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tera.103210.1002/tera.1032Search in Google Scholar
[11] Czeizel A.E., The first 25 years of the Hungarian Congenital Abnormality Registry. Teratology, 1997, 55, 299–305 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199705)55:5<299::AID-TERA1>3.0.CO;2-V10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199705)55:5<299::AID-TERA1>3.0.CO;2-VSearch in Google Scholar
[12] Czeizel A.E., Petik D., Vargha P., Validation studies of drug exposures in pregnant women. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Safety, 2003, 12, 409–406 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pds.76610.1002/pds.766Search in Google Scholar
[13] Czeizel A.E., Petik D., Puho E., Smoking and alcohol drinking during pregnancy: the validity of retrospective maternal self-reported information. Cent. Eur. J. Publ. Hlth., 2004, 12, 179–193 Search in Google Scholar
[14] Czeizel A.E., Puhó E., Maternal use of nutritional supplements during the first month of pregnancy and decreased risk of Down’s syndrome: casecontrol study. Nutrition, 2005, 21, 698–704 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2004.10.01710.1016/j.nut.2004.10.017Search in Google Scholar
© 2008 Versita Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
