Evaluasi kegenjahan dan daya hasil jagung manis hibrida Indonesia menggunakan analisis GGE biplot pada lingkungan yang berbeda

Dedi Ruswandi; Jajang Supriatna; Edi Suryadi; Nyimas Poppi Indriani; Noladhi Wicaksana; Muhammad Syafii

doi:10.24198/kultivasi.v20i2.32748

Evaluasi kegenjahan dan daya hasil jagung manis hibrida Indonesia menggunakan analisis GGE biplot pada lingkungan yang berbeda

Dedi Ruswandi, Jajang Supriatna, Edi Suryadi, Nyimas Poppi Indriani, Noladhi Wicaksana, Muhammad Syafii

Abstract

Abstrak

Uji multilokasi merupakan fase yang penting dalam menyeleksi hibrida jagung yang stabil pada lingkungan yang luas dan menyeleksi hibrida superior untuk lokasi spesifik. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kegenjahan dan daya hasil hibrida Padjadjaran, serta menentukan interaksi genotip dengan lingkungan (G x E), stabilitas, dan adaptabilitas karakter kegenjahan hibrida Padjadjaran di tiga lokasi selama dua musim yang berbeda di Jawa Barat. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan delapan belas perlakuan yang terdiri dari enam belas hibrida Padjadjaran dan dua kultivar cek. Percobaan dilaksanakan selama dua tahun berturut- turut yaitu tahun ke-1 (Maret sampai Juli, 2014) dan tahun ke-2 (Maret sampai Juli, 2015) di tiga lokasi di Jawa Barat, yaitu: Jatinangor - Sumedang, Lembang - Kabupaten Bandung Barat, dan Wanayasa - Kabupaten Purwakarta. Uji lanjut yang digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan nilai rerata kegenjahan dan daya hasil digunakan analisis Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT), sedangkan untuk menentukan interaksi G x E, stabilitas, dan adaptabilitas menggunakan Genotype plus Genotype x Environment (GGE) biplot. Hasil memperlihatkan bahwa analisis GGE dapat menentukan interaksi G x E, stabilitas, dan adaptabilitas jagung manis hibrida Indonesia di Jawa Barat secara akurat. Model GGE disarankan untuk dapat digunakan sebagai aplikasi analisis untuk perilisan hibrida unggul di Indonesia oleh Kementerian Pertanian.

Kata Kunci: Adaptabilitas, Interaksi G x E, kegenjahan, Stabilitas

Abstract. Multi-environment testing is an important stage to select stable hybrid for broad environment and to select superior hybrid for a specific environment. To determined G x E (Genotype x Environment) interaction, stability and adaptability of Padjadjaran sweet corn in Indonesia, sixteen new Padjadjaran sweetcorn hybrids and two commercial hybrids were tested in three locations for two different seasons in West Java, Indonesia. Duncan multiple range was used to elaborate the difference between sweetcorn hybrids for short duration and yield, while Genotype plus Genotype x Environment (GGE) biplot analysis was used to determine G x E interaction, stability, and adaptability. Results showed that GGE analysis was accurately determined G x E interaction, stability, and adaptability of Indonesian sweet corn in West Java. The GGE model is suggested to implement as a tool for Ministry of Agriculture to release superior hybrid in Indonesia.

Keywords: Adaptability, G x E interaction, Short duration, Stability

Keywords

Adaptabilitas; Interaksi G x E; kegenjahan; Stabilitas

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