REVIEW   

Minerva Cardiology and Angiology 2024 June;72(3):237-50

DOI: 10.23736/S2724-5683.22.06200-7

Copyright © 2022 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA

language: English

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: a swinging pendulum in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction

Buena AZIRI ¹, Edin BEGIC ^{1, 2} ✉, Bojan STANETIC ^{3, 4}, Zorica MLADENOVIC ⁵, Tamara KOVACEVIC-PRERADOVIC ^{3, 4}

¹ Department of Pharmacology, Sarajevo Medical School, Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; ² Department of Cardiology, Prim. Dr. Abdulah Nakas General Hospital, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; ³ Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; ⁴ Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; ⁵ Department of Cardiology, Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia

INTRODUCTION: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are integral in treating patients with heart failure, regardless of the existence of diabetes mellitus. In light of their benefits on the heart muscle, the question of their effect on acute coronary syndrome is raised, and a hypothesis as to whether they can be implemented in its treatment is proposed. The aim of the article was to indicate the potential of using SGLT2 inhibitors in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI).
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A PubMed search for articles published between October 2017 and May 2022 was conducted using the following keywords: “SGLT2 inhibitors,” “Acute Coronary Syndrome,” “Treatment,” “Prognosis.” Reference lists of identified articles were searched for further articles.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Reports from clinical trials and animal studies thus far investigating mechanistic pathways of SGLT2 inhibitors’ effect in relation to acute myocardial infarction were interplayed to extract relevant findings and analyze the safety of this therapy in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.
CONCLUSIONS: SGLT2 inhibitors indicate beneficial effects in acute cardiovascular incident by various mechanisms, and early initiation of therapy may improve outcomes for AMI survivors.

KEY WORDS: Sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors; Acute coronary syndrome; Therapeutics; Prognosis