Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-5g6vh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T10:26:32.869Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Gender and Justice in Plato

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2014

Steven Forde*
Affiliation:
University of North Texas

Abstract

Plato's proposal for the equality of the sexes remains one of the most controversial aspects of his argument in the Republic. I explore this argument with special emphasis on locating it within larger themes of the work, themes whose relevance to the argument on gender equality have often been ignored. On this basis, I find that Plato's defense of gender equality is serious, but that the foundation and the consequences of that argument have not usually been well understood. Plato's argument for gender equality rests on a distinctive view of human nature, and his elaboration of the consequences of pursuing gender equality reveal that a price would have to be paid for it that few are willing to accept. His argument should be considered by contemporary advocates of gender equality.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Annas, Julia. 1976. Plato's Republic and Feminism. Philosophy 51(07):307–21.Google Scholar
Annas, Julia. 1981. An Introduction to Plato's Republic. New York: Oxford.Google Scholar
Averroes, . 1974. Averroes on Plato's Republic. Trans. Lerner, Ralph. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
SirBarker, Ernest. [1918] 1961. Greek : Plato and His Predecessors. New York: Barnes & Noble.Google Scholar
Basow, Susan A. 1995. “Student Evaluation of College Professors: When Gender Matters.” Journal of Educational Psychology 87(4):656–65.Google Scholar
Benardete, Seth. 1989. Socrates' Second Sailing: On Plato's Republic. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Bloom, Allan. 1968. The Republic of Plato. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Bluestone, Natalie Harris. 1987. Women and the Ideal Society: Plato's Republic and Modem Myths of Gender. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.Google Scholar
Brown, Wendy. 1988. “Supposing Truth Were a Woman …”: Plato's Subversion of Masculine Discourse.” Political Theory 16(11):594616.Google Scholar
Bruell, Christopher. 1994. “On Plato's Political Philosophy.” Review of Politics 56(Spring):261–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brumbaugh, Robert S. 1989. Platonic Studies of Greek Philosophy: Form, Arts, Gadgets, and Hemlock. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Elshtain, Jean Bethke. 1981. Public Man, Private Woman: Women in Social and Political Thought. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Findlay, J. N. 1974. Plato: The Written and Unwritten Doctrines. New York: Humanities Press.Google Scholar
Firestone, Juanita M., and Harris, Richard J.. 1994. “Sexual Harassment in the U.S. Military: Individualized and Environmental Contexts.” Armed Forces & Society 21(Fall):2543.Google Scholar
Friedländer, Paul. 1969. Plato: The Dialogues, Second and Third Periods, vol. 3. Trans. Meyerhoff, Hans. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Fuchs, Victor R. 1983. How We Live. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Gallop, Jane. 1994. “Feminism and Harassment Policy.” Academe: Bulletin of the American Association of University Professors 80(January/February):1623.Google Scholar
Gilligan, Carol. 1993. In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Grant, Judith. 1993. Fundamental Feminism: Contesting the Core Concepts of Feminist Theory. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Grube, G. M. A. 1980. Plato's Thought. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett.Google Scholar
Guthrie, W. K. C. 1978. “Plato's Views on the Nature of the Soul.” In Plato: A Collection of Critical Essays, ed. Vlastos, Gregory. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. Pp. 230–43.Google Scholar
Hitt, Jack, and Abelard, Peter. 1993. “New Rules About Sex on Campus.” Harper's, 09, pp. 3342.Google Scholar
Iannone, Carol. 1993. “Sex and the Feminists.” Commentary, 09, pp. 51–4.Google Scholar
Jacobs, William. 1978. “Plato on Female Emancipation and the Traditional Family.” Apeiron 12(1):2931.Google Scholar
Klatt, Heinz-Joachim. 1995. “Regulating Harassment in Ontario.” Academic Questions 8(Summer):4858.Google Scholar
Lange, Lynda. 1979. “The Function of Equal Education in Plato's Republic and Laws.” In The Sexism of Social and : Women and Reproduction from Plato to Nietzsche, ed. Clark, Lorenne M. G. and Lange, Lynda. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Leys, Wayne A. R. 1978. “Was Plato Non-political?” In Plato: A Collection of Critical Essays, ed. Vlastos, Gregory, vol. 2. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. Pp. 166–73.Google Scholar
Mooney, Carolyn J. 1993. “University of Virginia Eyes Formally Banning Student-Faculty Sex.” Chronicle of Higher Education, 04 14, A21.Google Scholar
Nettleship, Richard Lewis. [1897] 1951. Lectures on the Republic of Plato. London: MacMillan.Google Scholar
Okin, Susan Moller. 1977. “Philosopher Queens and Private Wives: Plato on Women and the Family.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 6(Summer):345–69.Google Scholar
Okin, Susan Moller. 1979. Women in Western Political Thought. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Okin, Susan Moller. 1989. Justice, Gender, and the Family. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Pangle, Thomas L. 1980. The Laws of Plato. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Phillips, Susan P. 1994. “Reply to Critics.” New England Journal of Medicine 330(19):1388.Google Scholar
Phillips, Susan P., and Schneider, Margaret S.. 1993. “Sexual Harassment of Female Doctors by Patients.” New England Journal of Medicine 329(36):1936–9.Google Scholar
Pierce, Christine. 1973. “Equality: Republic V.” The Monist 57(01):111.Google Scholar
Pomeroy, Sarah B. 1975. Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity. New York: Schocken Books.Google Scholar
Rawls, John. 1971. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Belknap.Google Scholar
Randall, John Herman Jr. 1970. Plato: Dramatist of the Life of Reason. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, Abigail L. 1973. “Feminism without Contradictions.” The Monist 57(01):2842.Google Scholar
Roth, Stephanie H. 1994. “Sex Discrimination 101: Developing a Title IX Analysis for Sexual Harassment in Education.” Journal of Law and Education 23(Fall):459521.Google Scholar
Saxonhouse, Arlene W. 1976. “The Philosopher and the Female in the Political Thought of Plato.” Political Theory 4(05):195212.Google Scholar
Saxonhouse, Arlene W. 1985. Women in the History of Political Thought: Ancient Greece to Machiavelli. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Saxonhouse, Arlene W. 1992. Fear of Diversity: The Birth of Political Science in Ancient Greek Thought. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Scaltsas, Patricia Ward. 1992. “Virtue without Gender in Socrates.” Hypatia 7(Summer):126–37.Google Scholar
Shorey, Paul. [1903] 1968. The Unity of Plato's Thought. Archon Books.Google Scholar
Shorey, Paul. 1978. “Plato's Ethics.” In Plato: A Collection of Critical Essays, ed. Vlastos, Gregory, vol 2. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. Pp. 734.Google Scholar
Shurin, Susan B. 1994. “Letter to the Editor.” New England Journal of Medicine 330(19):1388.Google Scholar
Smith, Nicholas D. 1983. “Plato and Aristotle on the Nature of Women.” Journal of the History of Philosophy 21(10):467–78.Google Scholar
Spelman, Elizabeth V. 1988. Inessential Woman: Problems of Exclusion in Feminist Thought. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Strauss, Leo. 1977. The City and Man. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Tovey, Barbara, and Tovey, George. 1974. “Women's Philosophical Friends and Enemies.” Social Science Quarterly 55(12):586604.Google Scholar
Van Sande, Jacqueline. 1994. “Letter to the Editor.” New England Journal of Medicine 330(19):1388.Google Scholar
Vlastos, Gregory. 1989. “Was Plato a Feminist?Times Literary Supplement, 03 17–23, p. 276.Google Scholar