Most people are vaguely aware that the characteristic feature of African music is its rhythms. Some would say with the late Professor Hornbostel of Berlin that ‘it is syncopated past comprehension’; others would claim that any competent Western musician could reproduce African rhythms. Does the truth lie with either of these views or does it lie somewhere between them ? It is time we knew what Africans really do: and it is the purpose of this paper to give some account of the bases of their musical practice.
LE RYTHME DE LA MUSIQUE AFRICAINE
Le rythme est reconnu être le trait caractéristique de la musique africaine. Dans cet article, l'auteur se base sur plusieurs enregistrements de l'exécution de la musique africaine pour effectuer l'analyse des cadences produites en claquant les mains, en frappant ensemble des fers de haches, et en battant des tambours. II démontre comment, par la combinaison d'un certain nombre de simples rythmes, il est possible de produire un ensemble de cadences extrêmement compliqué. Les battements des tambours, ou les claquements des mains, sont employés comme accompagnements de chansons et de danses, mais ne servent pas seulement pour battre la mesure. L'ensemble rythmique ainsi obtenu possède un charme recherché qui lui est propre, en dehors de la mélodie des voix, et tandis que les battements des tambours, ou les claquements des mains, n'ont aucun rapport avec l'accentuation provenant des paroles ou de la mélodie, ils contribuent à définir un cadre métrique pour la cadence libre de la chanson. L'auteur affirme que la réalisation de cet assemblage rythmique est le but primordial des musiciens africains.
page 38 note 1 Compare the 2nd and 3rd clap in Fig. 11. The sequence of claps is identical in both cases, but the organization of the sequence in the mind of the performers is quite different, thus giving two different patterns.
page 46 note 1 The Icila Dance, old style: A study in African music and dance of the Lala tribe of Northern Rhodesia, by A. M. Jones and L. Kombe, London, 1952. Obtainable from the African Music Society, Johannesburg.
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