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Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 2023 Volume 151, Issue 1-2, Pages: 98-105
https://doi.org/10.2298/SARH220830010D
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Basal cell carcinoma - principles of treatment

Dimitrijević Milovan V. (University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia + University Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Belgrade, Serbia)
Brašanac Dimitrije Č. ORCID iD icon (University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia)
Todorović Nikola R. (University Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Belgrade, Serbia)
Petrović Maša G. (University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia), 5rovicmasa@gmail.com
Dimitrijević Ana M. (University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia + University Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Eye Diseases, Belgrade, Serbia)

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in human medicine and the most common skin malignancy, with the largest number of lesions found on exposed parts of the skin, on the face, head, and neck. The average age of the patients is 60 years, with an increasing incidence in younger ages and an increased incidence in males. The incidence of BCC is increasing and doubles every 25 years. Annually, there are approximately 1,000,000 newly diagnosed cases worldwide. The frequency of malignant skin tumors depends on the influence of external factors such as ultraviolet radiation and other biological properties of the skin with a higher incidence in fair-skinned people (Fitzpatrick type I and type II skin types). BCC is a slow-growing malignant tumor that arises from the basal layer of the epidermis, the outer layer of hair follicles, or the sebaceous glands. BCC can be locally invasive and, if neglected, can infiltrate surrounding structures (muscles and cartilage) and vital structures, which can ultimately lead to death. The clinical presentation is very diverse and dependent on the histological subtype. Prevention is the most important and effective approach towards reducing the burden of BCC. The best treatment for BCC is surgical excision with confirmation and verification of surgical margins. The therapeutic goal is oncologic radical resection of the tumor, followed by reconstruction of the affected area for structure and optimal aesthetic result.

Keywords: carcinoma, basal cell, therapeutics, prognostic factors

Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 200110

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