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Optimization of extraction conditions for secondary biomolecules from various plant species

Šibul Filip S. (Faculty of Sciences, Department for Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Novi Sad)
Orčić Dejan Z. (Faculty of Sciences, Department for Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Novi Sad)
Svirčev Emilija (Faculty of Sciences, Department for Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Novi Sad)
Mimica-Dukić Neda M. (Faculty of Sciences, Department for Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Novi Sad)

Extraction of plant secondary metabolites is an essential step in isolation of natural products. Non-optimized extraction conditions can lead to losses, degradation and modification of the biomolecules. In this paper, the influence of different solvent mixtures, solvent amounts, temperature, extraction time, and procedures for defatting on yield and profile of various classes of secondary metabolites was investigated. Rumex alpinus was used for the extraction of anthraquinones, Glycine max for isoflavonoids, Chaerophyllum bulbosum for flavonoids and phenolic acids, Anthriscus sylvestris for lignans and coumarins, alkaloids were extracted from Lupinus albus and sesquiterpene lactones from Artemisia absinthium. Extraction efficiency was evaluated by use of LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. The compromise extraction solvent for all of the examined compounds is 80 % methanol, mixed in ratio 13 : 1 with plant material. Maceration should last for six hours, repeated four times with fresh solvent. Defatting of the extracts does not lead to significant losses of the compounds of interest. It is acceptable to use extraction and evaporation temperature of 60ºC, while the extracts should be stored in the dark, on -20ºC.

Keywords: extraction, secondary biomolecules, plant phenolics, flavonoids, phenolic acids

Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 172058