Archives of Biological Sciences 2013 Volume 65, Issue 1, Pages: 265-278
https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS1301265K
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Effects of mixed saline and alkaline stress on the morphology and anatomy of Pisum sativum L.: The role of peroxidase and ascorbate oxidase in growth regulation
Kukavica Biljana (University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Morina Filis (Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Belgrade)
Janjić Nina (University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Boroja Mirela (University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Jovanović Lj. (EDUCONS University, Faculty of Ecological Agriculture, Sremska Kamenica)
Veljović-Jovanović Sonja (Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Belgrade)
The effects of hyperalkaline, thermo-mineral water from Slatina on the
morphology and anatomy of pea plants (Pisum sativum L.), were examined after
eleven days of treatment with a mixture of tap water and Slatina water in
3:1 (T1) and 1:1 ratios (T2). Complete growth arrest of seedlings was
observed in the Slatina water (T3). The alkalinity of external media was
recovered to pH 8 within four days only in T1 and T2. Analysis of
morphological parameters (the length of the main root, root application
zone, number of lateral roots) indicated that the thermo-mineral water
either promoted (T1) or inhibited (T2) the formation of lateral roots and
plant growth. Comparative histological and anatomical analyses showed that
inhibition of lateral roots was accompanied by an increase in the xylem and
phloem. These changes in root morphology were accompanied by an increase in
the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD: E.C. 1.15.1.1) and peroxidase
(POD: E.C 1.1.1.17) in the soluble fraction, whereas the activities of
ascorbate oxidase (AAO: E.C. 1.10.3.3) bound to the cell wall and ionic POD
decreased. The lower ratio of Slatina water in the hydroponic solution
contributed to a more developed mesophyll with significantly higher AAO
activity in the leaves and the induction of ionic POD isoforms. Besides
alkalinity and excess NaCl, we suggest that a specific combination of metals
(e.g. Ca and Mg) might be responsible for subtle changes in the cell area
and xylem development, leading to dramatic changes in root anatomy.
Keywords: salinity, alkalinity, pea, hyperalkaline water, peroxidases, ascorbate oxidases, growth