초록

This article proposes that the Republic of Indians can be taken as a socio-political unit for analysis of the colonial regime of New Spain. After the military victory in Tenochtitlan, the encomienda and the municipality were implanted in New Spain as the first colonial systems. However, the power struggles carried out between the conquistadors, the Spanish Crown, the royal authorities, the settlers, and the clergy resulted in the modification of the colonial system. The Republic of Indians appeared as the legal status that the Crown introduced to regain jurisdiction over the colony and to restrain the power of the conquistadors. However, it allowed the Republic of Indians to have indigenous autonomy in politics and economy. It is important to analyze the two meanings of the Republic of Indians. First, it allows us to reflect on the indigenous peoples as political subjects under the colonial system, and to distinguish differences between the indigenous peoples although the Spaniards categorized all under the label of “indio.” Second, the Republic of Indians provides a bridge between prehispanic and modern societies so that we may study the history of indigenous peoples over time.

키워드

Republic of Indians, encomienda, corregimiento, congregaciones, Indian cabildo

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