1. 독일의 부동산등기제도는 그 역사와 전통에 걸맞게 세상에서 가장 우수한 제도로 평가되고 있다. 특히 1900년부터 시행되고 있는 독일 민법에서는 거래 안전을 위해 부동산등기의 공신력을 명문으로 규정하고 있다. 이러한 공신력을 통한 부동산질서의 확립은 그렇지 못하고 있는 다른 나라의 바람직한 모델을 제공해 주고 있다. 본 연구에서는 독일 민법상 부동산등기의 공신력에 대한 연구를 통해, 우리나라의 부동산등기의 공신력의 도입을 위한 시사점을 얻고자 한다.
2. 부동산등기부의 공신력을 인정하는 것은 부동산등기들이 실체적 권리관계와 거의 부합하다는 것에 대한 자신감의 발로이다. 독일의 경우 등기 실무상 이러한 공신력으로 인한 분쟁이 거의 발생하지 않을 정도로 부동산등기제도가 완비되어 있다. 그러나 많은 경우는 아니지만, 부동산공무원들의 과실이나 그 밖의 원인에 의해 부당하거나 잘못된 등기들이 행해지기도 한다. 따라서 거래안전을 위해 부동산등기의 공신력을 인정하게 되고, 그로 인해 진정한 권리자들이 희생을 당하게 될 경우에는 그들을 구제해 주는 법적 보호조치가 완벽하게 구비되어 있다. 예컨대 정정등기제도와 이의등기제도 및 피해자에 대한 국가배상책임제도 등이다.
3. 우리나라에서 부동산등기의 공신력을 인정하기 위해서는 우선 부실등기의 해소의 방안과 함께 진정한 권리자의 보호를 위한 정정등기청구권(訂正登記請求權)과 이의등기(異議登記) 제도들이 도입되어야 할 것이다. 또한 등기공무원의 고의나 과실로 그 직무상의 업무에 위반하여 이해관계인에게 손해를 준 경우에는 국가배상책임을 도입할 수 있는 권원보험(權原保險)제도의 도입과 국가가 배상한 경우에는 고의나 중과실이 있는 공무원에게는 구상할 수 있는 제도의 도입도 검토되어야 할 것이다. 이러한 제도적 보완이 우리나라에서 부동산등기의 공신력을 인정하기 위한 전제적인 요소라고 생각한다.
1. The German real estate registration system is seen as the most outstanding system in the world that befits its history and tradition. In particular, the German Civil Law, which has gone into effect since 1900, stipulates the public confidence of the real estate register to safely carry out its transactions. The establishment of the real estate order through such public confidence provides other countries without such a system with a desirable model. This study intends to explore what implications we can consider for the introduction of the public confidence of the real estate register in South Korea by examining the public confidence of the real estate register in the German Civil Law. 2. It expresses a sense of confidence that the real estate registration almost accords with the substantive right relationship to recognize the public confidence of the real estate register. In Germany, the real estate registration system is completed to an extent that few disputes take place in carrying out real affairs in relation to registration thanks to such public confidence. Nevertheless, a small number of real estates, if not large, are unfairly or wrongly registered due to the mistakes made by public officials in charge or other causes. Therefore, the German government recognizes the public confidence of the real estate register for safe transactions, by which legal protection measures have been perfectly adopted to rescue true right holders in a case in which they fall a victim to such a wrong practice. A Right of correction for registration, a registration of objections and a system for the nation to compensate for a victim are included in those excellent systems. 3. In order for South Korea to recognize the public confidence of the real estate register, the system to guarantee a right to correct registration and the system to raise objections to registration, among other things, should be introduced. In addition, the title insurance system through which the nation must take full responsibility for compensating for damages in a case in which any interested party is damaged because related affairs are violated as a result of intentions or mistakes by public officials in charge, and the system to demand compensation to public officials who intentionally do something illegal or make a huge mistake in a case in which the nation compensates for victims should be reviewed and introduced. This study thinks that such institutional supplementation is a prerequisite for recognizing the public confidence of a real estate register in South Korea.
1. The German real estate registration system is seen as the most outstanding system in the world that befits its history and tradition. In particular, the German Civil Law, which has gone into effect since 1900, stipulates the public confidence of the real estate register to safely carry out its transactions. The establishment of the real estate order through such public confidence provides other countries without such a system with a desirable model. This study intends to explore what implications we can consider for the introduction of the public confidence of the real estate register in South Korea by examining the public confidence of the real estate register in the German Civil Law. 2. It expresses a sense of confidence that the real estate registration almost accords with the substantive right relationship to recognize the public confidence of the real estate register. In Germany, the real estate registration system is completed to an extent that few disputes take place in carrying out real affairs in relation to registration thanks to such public confidence. Nevertheless, a small number of real estates, if not large, are unfairly or wrongly registered due to the mistakes made by public officials in charge or other causes. Therefore, the German government recognizes the public confidence of the real estate register for safe transactions, by which legal protection measures have been perfectly adopted to rescue true right holders in a case in which they fall a victim to such a wrong practice. A Right of correction for registration, a registration of objections and a system for the nation to compensate for a victim are included in those excellent systems. 3. In order for South Korea to recognize the public confidence of the real estate register, the system to guarantee a right to correct registration and the system to raise objections to registration, among other things, should be introduced. In addition, the title insurance system through which the nation must take full responsibility for compensating for damages in a case in which any interested party is damaged because related affairs are violated as a result of intentions or mistakes by public officials in charge, and the system to demand compensation to public officials who intentionally do something illegal or make a huge mistake in a case in which the nation compensates for victims should be reviewed and introduced. This study thinks that such institutional supplementation is a prerequisite for recognizing the public confidence of a real estate register in South Korea.