이 글의 목적은 젠더의 렌즈로 공간에 담긴 여성과 남성 간의 불균등한 사회적 관계를 드러내는 데 있다. 공간은 종종 객관적이고 중립적인 실재로 간주된다. 그러나 공간은 결코 객관적이거나 중립적이지 않다. 공간은 젠더, 계급 및 인종을 비롯한 다양한 사회적 관계가 응축되어 나타나는 사회적 공간으로서의 성격을 지니며, 이로 인해 정치적이고 이데올로기적일 수밖에 없기 때문이다.
공간의 젠더화된 구조를 가시화하기 위해, 이 글은 먼저 젠더와 공간의 관계에 대한 이론적 논의들을 살펴본다. 그리고 이를 바탕으로 공간의 대표적 스케일로 도시를 설정하고 도시공간을 젠더평등의 차원에서 재구성하고자 하는 여성친화도시 프로젝트들의 가능성과 한계를 분석한다. 나아가 젠더관계의 사회적 구성에서 공적 공간과 사적 공간으로의 구분이 핵심적인 역할을 한다는 점에서, 이 구분이 갖는 문제점을 공간의 1차적 젠더화와 2차적 젠더화의 문제로 나누어 고찰한다.
이처럼 젠더평등의 관점에서 대한민국의 공간을 바라봤을 때, 공적 공간의 중요성에 대한 과대평가와 사적 공간의 중요성에 대한 과소평가가 나타나고 있다. 이는 여성에게 이중노동의 부담을 가져다주었다. 이런 가운데 젠더평등의 문제는 더 이상 여성문제로 이해되어서는 안 되며, 생산노동과 재생산노동의 균형은 남성의 과제로도 인식되어야 한다. 이제 새로운 남자의 탄생을 위한 아이디어들을 공간의 재배치에 담아내야 할 시점이다.
This article aims to bring out the inequal social relationship between men and women in space by looking at it through the lens of gender. Space is often treated as objective and a neutral entity. But space is never objective and neutral, because its character is social. Various social relations like gender, class, and race are condensed in it. Therefore, space has to be understood as a political and ideological subject. In order to make visible the gendered structure of space, this study firstly analyzes the theoretical discussions about the relation between gender and space. Secondly, it examines chances and limits of Women-Friendly City projects which try to reconstruct city spaces on the basis of gender equality. Assuming that the division between public space and private space plays a key role in the social construction of gender relation, this study lastly examines the problems which result from this division, namely the problems of the first and the second genderization of space. When we see the space of Korea from a gender equality perspective, an overestimation of the importance of public space and a underestimation of the importance of private space can be observed. For women this results in a double burden. This means that gender equality and the balance between productive and reproductive work not only have to be conceived as issues concerning women but also as problems of men. Now, it’s time to include new ideas for the birth of new men in a reconstruction of space.
This article aims to bring out the inequal social relationship between men and women in space by looking at it through the lens of gender. Space is often treated as objective and a neutral entity. But space is never objective and neutral, because its character is social. Various social relations like gender, class, and race are condensed in it. Therefore, space has to be understood as a political and ideological subject. In order to make visible the gendered structure of space, this study firstly analyzes the theoretical discussions about the relation between gender and space. Secondly, it examines chances and limits of Women-Friendly City projects which try to reconstruct city spaces on the basis of gender equality. Assuming that the division between public space and private space plays a key role in the social construction of gender relation, this study lastly examines the problems which result from this division, namely the problems of the first and the second genderization of space. When we see the space of Korea from a gender equality perspective, an overestimation of the importance of public space and a underestimation of the importance of private space can be observed. For women this results in a double burden. This means that gender equality and the balance between productive and reproductive work not only have to be conceived as issues concerning women but also as problems of men. Now, it’s time to include new ideas for the birth of new men in a reconstruction of space.
