واکنش عملکرد ارقام کلزا به کوددهی فسفر و کارایی آن در شمال خوزستان

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی صفی آباد، سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، دزفول، ایران

2 استادیار پژوهش موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر فسفر بر عملکرد دانه و شاخص های کارایی فسفر در ارقام مختلف کلزا، این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با دوعامل الف) فسفر (p P )در پنج سطح صفر، 16 ، 32، 49 و 61 کیلوگرم در هکتار از منبع کود سوپرفسفات تریپل و ب) رقم شامل سه رقم RGS300 ، Sarigol و Hyola 401 در سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی صفی آباد طی دو سال(91-1389) اجرا گردید. نتایج نشان داد که اثرات اصلی فسفر و ارقام بر عملکرد های دانه،کاه و روغن و جذب فسفر دانه معنی­دار گردید. بیشترین عملکرد های دانه و روغن (به ترتیب 2856 و 1128 کیلو گرم در هکتار) از مصرف 16 کیلوگرم فسفر در هکتار به دست آمد. بیشترین عملکرد­های دانه و روغن (به ترتیب 2891 و 1137 کیلوگرم در هکتار) مربوط به رقم هایولا401 بود. با مصرف کود فسفر شاخص­های کارایی کاهش یافت. تفاوت معنی­داری بین سه رقم از حیث شاخص­های سنجش کارایی به جز شاخص پاسخ به کود مشاهده نشد، به طوریدر حالی که رقم Hyola401a نسبت به دو رقم دیگر کود پذیری بیشتری نشان داد. بنابراین، با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده در شرایط اجرای این پژوهش و نیز با عنایت به تحلیل اقتصادی (نسبت فایده به هزینه)، میزان 16 کیلوگرم فسفر در هکتار و رقم Hyola401 قابل توصیه می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of Canola Cultivars Yield to Phosphorus Fertilization and Its Efficiency in North Khouzestan

نویسندگان [English]

  • K. Mirzashahi 1
  • F. Nourgholipour 2
1 Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Safiabad, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AERRO), Dezful. Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AERRO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study was conducted to determine the effect of phosphorus fertilization on the grain yield and phosphorus efficiency in different canola cultivars during 2010-2012, at Research Center and Agricultural and Education and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Ssafiabad, Dezful, Iran. The experiment was arranged as factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor consisted of five phosphorus (Pp) levels (0, 16, 32, 49, and 61 kg.ha-1) and the second factor consisted of three cultivars (Hyola 401, RGS 300, and Sarigol). The result showed that the main effect of phosphorus and cultivars on yields of grain, straw, oil, and phosphorus uptake were significant. The highest of grain and oil yields (2856 and 1128 kg.ha-1, respectively) was were obtained from application of 16 kg P per ha-1 (2856 and 1128 kg -1,respectively). Also, Hyola 401 cultivar had the highest grain and oil yields (2891 and 1137 kg. ha-1, respectively).Phosphorus application led to significant decrease in the phosphorus efficiency indices. Significant differences among the cultivars in terms of performance measurement indicators was were not observed, except indicator of response to fertilizer, so thatwhile the Hyola 401 had the highest response to fertilizer compared to the other cultivars. According to the results of this study, and with regardingconsidering economical analysis, application of 16 kg Pp per ha-1 and Hyola 401 cultivar is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • economic analysis
  • Oil
  • Plant nutrition

مراجع

  1. احیایی، م. و ع. ا. بهبهانی زاده. 1372. شرح روش­های تجزیه شیمیایی خاک. نشریه فنی شماره 893. موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب. نشر آموزش کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. 150 ص.
  2. امام،ی و م. نیک نژاد..1383. مقدمه­ای بر فیزیولوژی عملکرد گیاهان زراعی.چاپ دوم، ترجمه، انتشارات دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز ، ایران.
  3. ایرانشهر، ا. و ا. سپهر. 1391. ارزیابی کارایی ارقام مختلف گندم از لحاظ جذب فسفر در خاک فسفات. نشریه آب و خاک. جلد 26، شماره4. ص 798-968.
  4. حسینی، ز. 1369. روش های متداول در تجزیه مواد غذایی. انتشارات دانشگاه شیراز، ایران. 210ص.
  5. خادمی، ز. ، ح. رضایی ، م. ج. ملکوتی و پ. مهاجر میلانی. 1379 . تغذیه بهینه کلزا. وزارت کشاورزی، معاونت آموزش و تجهیز نیروی انسانی، نشر آموزش کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.31 ص.
  6. سپهر، ا.، م. ح. رسولی و م. ج. ملکوتی. 1382. نقش گوگرد در تغذیه دانه­های روغنی. اولین سمینار ملی تولید و مصرف گوگرد در کشور، مشهد، ایران.
  7. ملکوتی، م. ج. و م. همایی. 1382. حاصلخیزی خاک مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک. چاپ دوم، انتشارات دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نهران، ایران. 482 ص.
    1. Akhtar, M. Sh., Y. Oki and T. Adachi. 2008. Phosphorus and biomass distribution and P- efficiency by Diversa Brassica cultivars exposed to adequate and p- stress environment. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1: 111- 119.
    2. Ali, H., N. Sarwar, S. Ahmad, A. W. Tariq and A. N. shahzad. 2012. Response of wheat crop to phosphorus fertilizers and application methods grown under agro- climatic conditions of southern Punjab. Pak. J. Agri. Sci.4: 485- 489.
    3. Aziz, T., D. Steffes, M.A. Rahmatullah and S. Schubert. 2006. Phosphorus utilization by six Brassica Cultivas (Brassica Juncea L.) from tri-calcium phosphate: A relative insoluble P compound. Pak. J. Bot. 5: 1529- 1538.
    4. Balcha, A. 2014. Effect of phosphorus rates and varieties on grain yield, nutrient uptake and phosphorus efficiency of Tef [(Eragrostis tef(Zucc)] Trotter. Am. J. Plant Sci. 5: 262- 267.
    5. Balligar, V. C., N. K. Fageria and Z. L. He. 2001. Nutrient use efficiency in plants. Comm.Soil Sci. Plant. Anal. 7 and 8: 921- 950.
    6. Batten, G. D. 1992. A review of phosphorus efficiency in wheat. Plant Soil. 149: 163-168.
    7. Cheema, M. A., M. A. Malik, A. Hussain, S. H. Shah and S. M. A. Basra.2001. Effect of time and rate of nitrogen and phosphorus application on the growth and the seed and oil yields of canola (Brassica napus L.). J. Agron. Crop Sci. 186: 103- 110.
    8. CIMMYT. 1988. From agronomic data to farmer recommendation: an economic training manual. Mexico D. F:25-33.
    9. Devi, K, N., L. N. K. Singh, T. S. Devi, H. N. Devi. T. B. Singh, K. K. Singh and W. M. Singh. 2012. Response of soybean to sources and levels of phosphorus. J. Agric.Sci.4: 44- 53.
    10. Dobermann, A. R. 2005. Nitrogen use efficiency state of the art. Proceeding of IFA International Work Shop on Enhenced- Efficiency of Fertilizer, June 28-30.frankfurt, Germany, pp: 1-17.
    11. Fohse, D., N. Claassen and A. Jungk. 1991. Phosphorus efficiency of plants II. Significance of root radius, root hairs and cation balance for phosphorus influx in seven plant species. Plant Soil. 123: 261- 272.
    12. Fohse, D. and A. Jungk. 1983. Influence of phosphate and nitrate supply on the root hair formation of rape, spinach and tomato plants. Plant Soil. 74: 359- 368.
    13. Fohse, D., N. Classen and A. Jungk. 1988. Phosphorus efficiency of plants .I. External and internal phosphorus requirement and phosphorus uptake efficiency of different   plant species . Plant Soil. 110: 101-109.
    14. Gahoonia, T. S., and N. E., Neilsen. 1992. The root induced pH change on the depletion of inorganic and organic phosphorus in the rhizosphere. Plant Soil. 143: 241-248.
    15. Gahoonia, T. S., and N. E., Nielsen. 1996. Variation in acquisition of soil phosphorus among wheat and barley genotypes. Plant Soil. 178: 223- 230.
    16. Gahoonia, T. S., S. Raza and N. E, Nielsen. 1994. Phosphorus depletion in the rhizosphere as influenced by soil moisture. Plant Soil.159:231-218.
    17. Gerloff, G. C. 1977. Plant efficiencies in the use nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In: Plant Adaptation to Mineral Stresses in Problem Soils, ed. M. J. Wright, pp. 161-173. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University agricultural Experimental Station.
    18. Gunez, a., A. Inal, M. Alpaslan and I. Cakmak. 2006. Genotypic variation in phosphorus efficiency between wheat cultivars grown under greenhouse and field conditions. Soil Sci. Plant. Nutr. 52: 4: 470- 478.
    19. Halford, I. C. R. 1997. Soil phosphorus, its measurement and its uptake by plants. Aust. J. Soil Res.35: 277- 239.
    20. Hinsingers, P. 1998. How do plant roots acquire mineral nutrition? Chemical properties involved in the rhizospher. Adv. Agron. 64: 225- 265.
    21. Hunter, P. J., G. R. Teakle and G. D. Bending. 2014. Root traits and microbial community interaction on relation availability and acquisition, with particular  reference to Brassica. Front Plant Sci. 5: 1- 18.
    22. Kihara, J. and S. Njoroge. 2013. Phosphorus agronomic efficiency in maize- based cropping systems: A focus on western Kenya. Field Crop. Res. 150: 1- 8.
    23. Liao, M., P. J. Hocking, B. Dong, E. Delhaize, A. E. Richardson and P. R. Ryan. 2008. Variation in early phosphorus uptake efficiency among wheat genotypes grown on two contrasting Australian soil. Aust. J. Agri. Res. 59: 157- 166.
    24. Lickfett. T., B. Matthaus, L. Velasco and C. Mollers. 1999. Seed yield, Oil and phytate concentration in the seed of oilseed rape cultivars as affected by different phosphorus supply. Eur.J. Agron. 11: 293- 299.
    25. Lyinch, J. 1998. The role of nutrient- efficient crops in modern agriculture.Pp:241- 264. In: Rengel, Z. (ed.), Nutrient Use in Crop Production. The Haworth Press. Inc. New York.
    26. Mahon, D. J. 1983. Limitation to the use of physiological variability in plant breeding. Can J. Plant Sci. 63: 11- 21.
    27. Malhi, S. S., A. M. Johnston, J. J. Schoenau, Z. H. Wang and C. L. Vara. 2007. Seasonal biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake of canola, mustard and flax on a black chernozem soil in Saskatchewan. J. Plant Nut. 30: 641- 658.
    28. Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Second Edition. Academic Press. New York, USA.
    29. Marschner, H. 1998. Role of root growth, arbuscular mycorhiza, and root exudates for the efficiency in nutrient acquisition. Field Crop. Res. 56:203- 207.
    30. Marschner, P., Z. Solaiman and Z. Rengel.2007. Brassica genotypes differ in growth , phosphorus uptake and rhizosphere properties under p-limiting condition. Soil. Biol. Bioche. 39: 87- 98.
    31. Manske, G. G. B., J. I. Ortiz- Monasterio, M. Van Ginkel, R. M. Gonzales, S. Rajaram, E. Molina and P. L. G. Vlek. 2000. Traite associated with improved P- uptake efficiency in CIMMYT semidwarf spring bread wheat grown on an acid Andisol in Mexico. Plant Soil. 221: 189- 204.
    32. Miri, H. R. 2007. Morphophysiological basis of variation in rape seed (Brassica napus L.) yield. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 9: 701- 706.
    33. Nuttal, W. F., A. P. Moulin and L. J. Townley- Smith. 1992. Yield response of canola to nitrogen, phosphorus, precipitation, and temperature. Agron. J. 84: 765-768.
    34. Norton,R. 2015. Nitrogen removed and use on a long- term fertilizer experiment. Proccedings of the 17th ASA Conference, 20-24 september, Hobart, Australia.
    35. Ozborne, L. D. and Z. Rengel. 2002b. Genotypic differences in wheat for uptake and utilization of P from iron phosphate. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 53: 837- 844.
    36. Ozborne, L. D. and Z. Rengel. 2002a. Screening cereals for genotypic variation in efficiency of p uptake and utilization. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 53: 837- 844.
    37. Ozturk, L., S. Eker, B. Torun and I. Cakmak. 2005. Variation in phosphorus efficiency among 73 bread and durum wheat genotypes grown in phosphorus- deficient calcareous soil. Plant Soil. 269: 69- 80.
    38. Rehm, G. W., R. C. Sorensen and R. A. Wiese. 1981. Application of phosphorus, potassium and zinc to corn growth for grain or silage: Early growth and yield. Soil .Sci. Soc. Am. J. 45: 523- 528.
    39. Rashid, A.1994. Phosphorus use efficiency in soils of Pakistan. Proceeding of the 4th national Congress of Soil Science, May 22-24, Islamabad, Pakistan, pp: 115- 127.
    40. Rose, T. J. and M. Wissuwa.2012. Rethinking internal phosphorus utilization efficiency: A new approach is needed to improve PUE in grain crops. Adv. Agron.116: 185- 217.
    41. Saleem, M. T. 1990. An overview of phosphatic fertilizers in Pakistan. Symposium on role of phosphorus in crop production. July, 15- 17, Islamabad. Pp 938.
    42. Sepehr, E., M. J. Malakouti, B. Kholdebarin, A. Samadi and N. Karimiyan. 2009. Genotypic variation in P efficiency of selected Iranian cereals in greenhouse experiment. Int. J. Plant Prod. 3: 17- 28.
    43. Shenoy, V. V. and G. M. Kalagudi. 2005. Enhancing plant phosphorus use efficiency for sustainable cropping. Biotech. Adv. 23: 501- 513.
    44. Syers, J. K., A. E. Johnston and D. Curtin. 2008. Efficiency of soil and fertilizer phosphorus use.FAO Fertilizers and Plant Nutrition Bulletin no 18. Rome, Italy. FAO.
    45. Shen, J. X., Z. Y. Li, X. Liao and Q. Y. Guo. 2006. The effect of phosphorus on the yield and mineral nutrient absorption and accumulation of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Acta. Agron. Sin. 32: 32: 1231- 1235.
    46. Vance, C. P., C. Uhda-Stone and D. L. Allan. 2003. Phosphorus asquisition and use: Critical adaptations by plants for recurring a non-renewable resources. New. Phytol. 157: 423-447.
    47. Wahid, A. M. 2008. Phosphorus management studies in canola hybrids. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in agronomy. Faculty of Agriculture University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. 158p.
    48. Wahid, M. A., M. A. Chemma, M. A. Malik and M. Ashraf.2009. Comparative performance of canola hybrid in response to different phosphatic fertilizers. Int. J. Agr. Biol. 11: 305-310.
    49. Xiang-wen, P., L. Wen-bin, Z. Qiu-ying, L.Yan-hau and L. Ming-shen.2008. Assessment phosphorus efficiency characteristic of soybean genotypes in phosphorus- deficient soils. Agri. Sci. China. J. 7(8): 958- 998.
    50. Yang, G., Q. S. Zuo, Y. Tang, J. F. Shi, F. H. Hui and S. H. Leng. 2010. Phosphorus absorbtion and utilization of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars with different yields. Bulgarian J. Agric Sci. 5: 590- 596.
    51. Yousaf, M., A. M .Jahangir and T. Nasseb. 2002. Effect of different sowing dates on the growth and yield of canola (Sarsoon) varieties. Asian J. Plant Sci.1: 634- 635.
پژوهش های خاک
دوره 31، شماره 3
آذر 1396
صفحه 339-351

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار