In this paper, an attempt is made to develop a structural health monitoring system that can adapt to the structural systems and environments, by introducing the learning ability. This learning ability facilitates a monitoring paradigm without a need for preliminary investigation of the underlying structure and environment. The proposed system learns the vibration response by using neural network. The neural networks predicts the next state of structural behavior from the current state of structural behavior. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed system. Through the numerical examples, it is concluded that the proposed system can identify the change of structural characteristics and condition states.