A Six-year-old boy was admitted to National Shimonoseki Hospital with headache, vomiting and consciousness disturbance. Skull plain film showed thinning and outer bulging of the left temporal bone. Markedly enhanced large masses were found in bilateral temporal bases by CT scan. A V-P shunt was performed on the next day for alleviation of increased intracranial pressure. Cerebral angiography disclosed bilateral temporal tumors which were nourished by the external carotid arteries. Two months later removal of the infected shunt system and partial resection of the left-sided tumor arising from temporal base were performed. A large tumor, 8 cm in greatest diameter was found in the middle fossa. Resected tumor weighed 1 10 g. It was thought that this tumor was derived from the dura of the base of the middle fossa. Microscopically the tumor was composed of spindle-shaped fibroblasts, foam cells and giant cells. It was diagnosed histologically as fibrous xanthoma. After surgery the patient had temporary respiratory failure. Differentiation between this tumor and meningioma was discussed.