Experimental Stroke

Neovascularization Following Cerebral Ischemia

Author(s): Rodney Allanigue Gabriel and Guo-Yuan Yang

Pp: 26-37 (12)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805001710901010026

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Neovascularization is the generation of new blood vessels and is made possible either through vasculogenesis, arteriogenesis, or angiogenesis. This process is far from simple as a plethora of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, and various cell types are required to interact in a collaborative manner in order to initiate and maintain neovasculature. Because neovascularization process occurs following ischemia or traumatic injury, promoting neovascularization is a potential therapeutic approach to these insults. Exogenous regulation of blood vessel formation is therapeutic when it produces functional and stable capillaries, in which newly proliferating microvessels minimally increase blood-brain-barrier permeability and produce adequate regional cerebral blood flow. To review this issue of cerebral neovascularization, we discuss: 1) important angiogenic growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix proteins, and cell types involved in brain angiogenesis; 2) involvement of inflammation in cerebral neovascularization; 3) stem cells play a role in cerebral neovascularization; 4) neovascularization following cerebral ischemia in animal model or in clinical cases; and finally 5) neovascularization as a therapeutic target for cerebral ischemic injury.

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