Abstract
Oxidant stress [ OS ] is a condition in which cells are exposed to excessive levels of either molecular oxygen or chemical derivatives of oxygen called reactive oxygen species [ROS], principal amongst which is superoxide [O2 -]. It is becoming increasingly apparent that O2 - is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease [CVD], including atherogenesis, reperfusion injury, angina, restenosis following balloon angioplasty and vein graft failure. When one considers the multiplicity of effects of O2 -, this is perhaps not surprising, as it promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, damages the endothelium, promotes lipid oxidation and activates blood cells. However, perhaps the key reaction of O2 - is that with nitric oxide [NO] to form peroxynitrite [ONOO] resulting in a depletion of endogenous vascular NO. Reduced NO formation is also now firmly associated with the aetiology of CVD and as such NO donors may become a major class of drugs. Furthermore, risk factors for CVD, in particular diabetes mellitus [DM], dyslipidaemia, and hyperhomocysteinaemia are all associated with OS. As such, it is becoming increasingly apparent that novel antioxidant therapies, including the gene transfer of antioxidant enzymes, are potentially valuable in the treatment of CVD. In this review, the aetiology of OS and CVD is discussed with particular emphasis on NO. The interactions of risk factors and how this pathophysiology relates to the design of effective novel strategies to treat CVD is also considered. Particular emphasis is also placed on OS and cardiovascular surgery.
Keywords: oxidative stress, nitric oxide, vascular disease, cardiovascular surgery
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title: Reactive Oxygen Species, Vascular Disease and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume: 2 Issue: 3
Author(s): Jamie Y. Jeremy, Nilima Shukla, Saima Muzaffar, Alexandra Handley and Gianni D. Angelini
Affiliation:
Keywords: oxidative stress, nitric oxide, vascular disease, cardiovascular surgery
Abstract: Oxidant stress [ OS ] is a condition in which cells are exposed to excessive levels of either molecular oxygen or chemical derivatives of oxygen called reactive oxygen species [ROS], principal amongst which is superoxide [O2 -]. It is becoming increasingly apparent that O2 - is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease [CVD], including atherogenesis, reperfusion injury, angina, restenosis following balloon angioplasty and vein graft failure. When one considers the multiplicity of effects of O2 -, this is perhaps not surprising, as it promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, damages the endothelium, promotes lipid oxidation and activates blood cells. However, perhaps the key reaction of O2 - is that with nitric oxide [NO] to form peroxynitrite [ONOO] resulting in a depletion of endogenous vascular NO. Reduced NO formation is also now firmly associated with the aetiology of CVD and as such NO donors may become a major class of drugs. Furthermore, risk factors for CVD, in particular diabetes mellitus [DM], dyslipidaemia, and hyperhomocysteinaemia are all associated with OS. As such, it is becoming increasingly apparent that novel antioxidant therapies, including the gene transfer of antioxidant enzymes, are potentially valuable in the treatment of CVD. In this review, the aetiology of OS and CVD is discussed with particular emphasis on NO. The interactions of risk factors and how this pathophysiology relates to the design of effective novel strategies to treat CVD is also considered. Particular emphasis is also placed on OS and cardiovascular surgery.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Jeremy Y. Jamie, Shukla Nilima, Muzaffar Saima, Handley Alexandra and Angelini D. Gianni, Reactive Oxygen Species, Vascular Disease and Cardiovascular Surgery, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2004; 2 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161043385691
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161043385691 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapy
Ischemic cardiovascular disease includes myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, angina pectoris, etc., constitute the leading cause of patient mortality by preventing tissues from getting sufficient oxygen and nutrients. Ischemic heart disease, as a clinical condition, is characterized by myocardial ischemia, causing an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and demand, ...read more
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
HIF-1α as a Target for Drug Design in Ischemic Injury: Effect of Cobalt Treatment on Mitochondrial DNA Damage in Cells Exposed to H2O2
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery GDF 15 - A Novel Biomarker in the Offing for Heart Failure
Current Cardiology Reviews Role of Vitamin E in Cellular Antioxidant Defense
Current Chemical Biology Doxorubicin-Induced In Vivo Nephrotoxicity Involves Oxidative Stress- Mediated Multiple Pro- and Anti-Apoptotic Signaling Pathways
Current Neurovascular Research The Neurovascular Unit: Focus on the Regulation of Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells
Current Neurovascular Research Effect of Standardized Hydroalcoholic Extract of Saffron Stamen on High Blood Pressure and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Anesthetized Rats
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Green Tea, A Medicinal Food with Promising Neurological Benefits
Current Neuropharmacology Cell Therapy for Myocardial Regeneration
Current Molecular Medicine New Proposals for Treatment Sporadic Alzheimers Disease
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Scaffold Hopping for Identification of Novel PKCβII Inhibitors Based on Ligand and Structural Approaches, Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Study
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening The Link between Exercise and Homocysteine in the Alzheimer’s Disease: A Bioinformatic Network Model
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Drug Therapy of Neuropathic Pain: Current Developments and Future Perspectives
Current Drug Targets The Importance of Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers in Renal Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Salvianolic Acid A Attenuates Cell Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, Akt and NF-κB Activation in Angiotensin-II Induced Murine Peritoneal Macrophages
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology NQDI 1, An Inhibitor of ASK1 Attenuates Acute Ischemic Renal Injury by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Cell Death
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Angiotensin II and the Cardiac Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Exploiting Bivalent COXIB/ TP Antagonists for the Control of Cardiovascular Risk
Current Medicinal Chemistry TNF-α and Ghrelin: Opposite Effects on Immune System, Metabolism and Mental Health
Protein & Peptide Letters Roles of SUMOylation in Heart Development and Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Molecular Medicine The Glial Sodium-Calcium Exchanger: A New Target for Nitric Oxide- Mediated Cellular Toxicity
Current Protein & Peptide Science