Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Neuropharmacology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1570-159X
ISSN (Online): 1875-6190

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Antiseizure and Psychiatric Medications

Author(s): Gaetano Zaccara and Valentina Franco*

Volume 21, Issue 8, 2023

Published on: 04 November, 2022

Page: [1666 - 1690] Pages: 25

DOI: 10.2174/1570159X20666220524121645

Price: $65

Abstract

Antiseizure medications and drugs for psychiatric diseases are frequently used in combination. In this context, pharmacokinetic interactions between these drugs may occur. The vast majority of these interactions are primarily observed at a metabolic level and result from changes in the activity of the cytochrome P450 (CYP). Carbamazepine, phenytoin, and barbiturates induce the oxidative biotransformation and can consequently reduce the plasma concentrations of tricyclic antidepressants, many typical and atypical antipsychotics and some benzodiazepines. Newer antiseizure medications show a lower potential for clinically relevant interactions with drugs for psychiatric disease. The pharmacokinetics of many antiseizure medications is not influenced by antipsychotics and anxiolytics, while some newer antidepressants, namely fluoxetine, fluvoxamine and viloxazine, may inhibit CYP enzymes leading to increased serum concentrations of some antiseizure medications, including phenytoin and carbamazepine. Clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interactions may be anticipated by knowledge of CYP enzymes involved in the biotransformation of individual medications and of the influence of the specific comedication on the activity of these CYP enzymes. As a general rule, these interactions can be managed by careful evaluation of clinical response and, when indicated, individualized dosage adjustments guided by measurement of drugs serum concentrations, especially if pharmacokinetic interactions may cause any change in seizure control or signs of toxicity. Further studies are required to improve predictions of pharmacokinetic interactions between antiseizure medications and drugs for psychiatric diseases providing practical helps for clinicians in the clinical setting.

Keywords: Antiseizure medications, epilepsy, pharmacokinetic interactions, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Devinsky, O. Psychiatric comorbidity in patients with epilepsy: Implications for diagnosis and treatment. Epilepsy & Behavior., 2003, 4(Suppl. 4), S2-S10.
[2]
LaFrance, W.C., Jr; Kanner, A.M.; Hermann, B. Psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy. Int. Rev. Neurobiol., 2008, 83, 347-383.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0074-7742(08)00020-2] [PMID: 18929092]
[3]
Hellwig, S; Mamalis, P; Feige, B; Schulze-Bonhage, A; van Elst, L.T. Psychiatric comorbidity in patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy and psychiatric outcome after epilepsy surgery. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2012, 23(3), 272-279.
[4]
Patsalos, P.N.; Fröscher, W.; Pisani, F.; Van Rijn, C.M. The importance of drug interactions in epilepsy therapy. Epilepsia, 2002, 43(4), 365-385.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1528-1157.2002.13001.x] [PMID: 11952767]
[5]
Patsalos, P.N.; Perucca, E. Clinically important drug interactions in epilepsy: General features and interactions between antiepileptic drugs. Lancet Neurol., 2003, 2(6), 347-356.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(03)00409-5] [PMID: 12849151]
[6]
Lombardo, L.; Pellitteri, R.; Balazy, M.; Cardile, V. Induction of nuclear receptors and drug resistance in the brain microvascular endothelial cells treated with antiepileptic drugs. Curr. Neurovasc. Res., 2008, 5(2), 82-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720208784310196] [PMID: 18473823]
[7]
Lutz, J.D.; Kirby, B.J.; Wang, L.; Song, Q.; Ling, J.; Massetto, B.; Worth, A.; Kearney, B.P.; Mathias, A. Cytochrome P450 3A induction predicts p-glycoprotein induction; Part 2: Prediction of decreased substrate exposure after rifabutin or carbamazepine. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 2018, 104(6), 1191-1198.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpt.1072] [PMID: 29569712]
[8]
Zhang, C.; Kwan, P.; Zuo, Z.; Baum, L. The transport of antiepileptic drugs by P-glycoprotein. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 2012, 64(10), 930-942.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2011.12.003] [PMID: 22197850]
[9]
Medscape Interaction Checker. https://reference.medscape.com/drug-interactionchecker
[10]
RxList. https://www.rxlist.com/drug-interaction-checker.htm
[11]
Johannessen Landmark, C.; Patsalos, P.N. Drug interactions involving the new second and third generation antiepileptic drugs. Expert Rev. Neurother., 2010, 10(1), 119-140.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/ern.09.136] [PMID: 20021326]
[12]
Zaccara, G.; Lattanzi, S. A review of pharmacokinetic drug interactions between antimicrobial and antiseizure medications in children. Epileptic Disord., 2021, 23(2), 229-256.
[13]
Patsalos, P.N. Drug interactions with the newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) Part 2: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between AEDs and drugs used to treat non-epilepsy disorders. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 2013, 52(12), 1045-1061.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40262-013-0088-z] [PMID: 23794036]
[14]
Patsalos, P.N. Drug interactions with the newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) Part 1: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between AEDs. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 2013, 52(11), 927-966.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40262-013-0087-0] [PMID: 23784470]
[15]
Zaccara, G.; Perucca, E. Interactions between antiepileptic drugs, and between antiepileptic drugs and other drugs. Epileptic Disord., 2014, 16(4), 409-431.
[16]
Feinshtein, V.; Erez, O.; Ben-Zvi, Z.; Erez, N.; Eshkoli, T.; Sheizaf, B.; Sheiner, E.; Huleihel, M.; Holcberg, G. Cannabidiol changes P-gp and BCRP expression in trophoblast cell lines. PeerJ, 2013, 1, e153.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.153] [PMID: 24058883]
[17]
Akamine, Y.; Yasui-Furukori, N.; Ieiri, I.; Uno, T. Psychotropic drug-drug interactions involving P-glycoprotein. CNS Drugs, 2012, 26(11), 959-973.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40263-012-0008-z] [PMID: 23023659]
[18]
Moons, T.; de Roo, M.; Claes, S.; Dom, G. Relationship between P-glycoprotein and second-generation antipsychotics. Pharmacogenomics, 2011, 12(8), 1193-1211.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pgs.11.55] [PMID: 21843066]
[19]
Zheng, Y.; Chen, X.; Benet, L.Z. Reliability of in vitro and in vivo methods for predicting the effect of p-glycoprotein on the delivery of antidepressants to the brain. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 2016, 55(2), 143-167.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40262-015-0310-2] [PMID: 26293617]
[20]
O’Brien, F.E.; Dinan, T.G.; Griffin, B.T.; Cryan, J.F. Interactions between antidepressants and P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier: Clinical significance of in vitro and in vivo findings. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2012, 165(2), 289-312.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01557.x] [PMID: 21718296]
[21]
Italiano, D.; Perucca, E. Clinical pharmacokinetics of new-generation antiepileptic drugs at the extremes of age: An update. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 2013, 52(8), 627-645.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40262-013-0067-4] [PMID: 23640503]
[22]
Spina, E.; Pisani, F.; de Leon, J. Clinically significant pharmacokinetic drug interactions of antiepileptic drugs with new antidepressants and new antipsychotics. Pharmacol. Res., 2016, 106, 72-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2016.02.014] [PMID: 26896788]
[23]
Hewick, D.S.; Sparks, R.G.; Stevenson, I.H.; Watson, I.D. Induction of imipramine metabolism following barbiturate administration [proceedings]. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 1977, 4(3), 399P-396P.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1977.tb00747.x] [PMID: 901725]
[24]
Brown, C.S.; Wells, B.G.; Cold, J.A.; Froemming, J.H.; Self, T.H.; Jabbour, J.T. Possible influence of carbamazepine on plasma imipramine concentrations in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 1990, 10(5), 359-362.
[PMID: 2258453]
[25]
Szymura-Oleksiak, J.; Wyska, E.; Wasieczko, A. Pharmacokinetic interaction between imipramine and carbamazepine in patients with major depression. Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 2001, 154(1), 38-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130000612] [PMID: 11292004]
[26]
Perucca, E.; Richens, A. Interaction between phenytoin and imipramine. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 1977, 4(4), 485-486.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1977.tb00767.x] [PMID: 901742]
[27]
Shin, J.G.; Park, J.Y.; Kim, M.J.; Shon, J.H.; Yoon, Y.R.; Cha, I.J.; Lee, S.S.; Oh, S.W.; Kim, S.W.; Flockhart, D.A. Inhibitory effects of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) on human cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro: Mechanism of drug interaction between TCAs and phenytoin. Drug Metab. Dispos., 2002, 30(10), 1102-1107.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/dmd.30.10.1102] [PMID: 12228186]
[28]
Fehr, C.; Gründer, G.; Hiemke, C.; Dahmen, N. Increase in serum clomipramine concentrations caused by valproate. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2000, 20(4), 493-494.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-200008000-00019] [PMID: 10917416]
[29]
DeToledo, J.C.; Haddad, H.; Ramsay, R.E. Status epilepticus associated with the combination of valproic acid and clomipramine. Ther. Drug Monit., 1997, 19(1), 71-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007691-199702000-00012] [PMID: 9029750]
[30]
Wong, S.L.; Cavanaugh, J.; Shi, H.; Awni, W.M.; Granneman, G.R. Effects of divalproex sodium on amitriptyline and nortriptyline pharmacokinetics. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 1996, 60(1), 48-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-9236(96)90166-6] [PMID: 8689811]
[31]
Unterecker, S.; Burger, R.; Hohage, A.; Deckert, J.; Pfuhlmann, B. Interaction of valproic acid and amitriptyline: analysis of therapeutic drug monitoring data under naturalistic conditions. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2013, 33(4), 561-564.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0b013e3182905d42] [PMID: 23775047]
[32]
Bertschy, G.; Vandel, S.; Jounet, J.M.; Allers, G. Intéraction valpromide-amitriptyline. Valpromide-amitriptyline interaction. Increase in the bioavailability of amitriptyline and nortriptyline caused by valpromide. Augmentation de la biodisponibilité de l’amitriptyline et de la nortriptyline par le valpromide. Encephale, 1990, 16(1), 43-45.
[PMID: 2109680]
[33]
Pisani, F.; Primerano, G.; Amendola D’Agostino, A.; Spina, E.; Fazio, A. Valproic acid-amitriptyline interaction in man. Ther. Drug Monit., 1986, 8(3), 382-383.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007691-198609000-00028] [PMID: 3092410]
[34]
Jerling, M.; Bertilsson, L.; Sjöqvist, F. The use of therapeutic drug monitoring data to document kinetic drug interactions: An example with amitriptyline and nortriptyline. Ther. Drug Monit., 1994, 16(1), 1-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007691-199402000-00001] [PMID: 7909176]
[35]
Brøsen, K.; Kragh-Sørensen, P. Concomitant intake of nortriptyline and carbamazepine. Ther. Drug Monit., 1993, 15(3), 258-260.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007691-199306000-00015] [PMID: 8333008]
[36]
Fu, C.; Katzman, M.; Goldbloom, D.S. Valproate/nortriptyline interaction. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 1994, 14(3), 205-206.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199406000-00009] [PMID: 8027418]
[37]
Houghton, G.W.; Richens, A. Inhibition of phenytoin metabolism by other drugs used in epilepsy. Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Biopharm., 1975, 12(1-2), 210-216.
[PMID: 240782]
[38]
Unterecker, S.; Reif, A.; Hempel, S.; Proft, F.; Riederer, P.; Deckert, J.; Pfuhlmann, B. Interaction of valproic acid and the antidepressant drugs doxepin and venlafaxine. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2014, 29(4), 206-211.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0000000000000025] [PMID: 24374906]
[39]
Lydiard, R.B.; White, D.; Harvey, B.; Taylor, A. Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between tranylcypromine and carbamazepine. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 1987, 7(5), 360.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-198710000-00023] [PMID: 3680612]
[40]
Protti, M.; Mandrioli, R.; Marasca, C.; Cavalli, A.; Serretti, A.; Mercolini, L. New‐generation, non‐SSRI antidepressants: Drug‐drug interactions and therapeutic drug monitoring. Part 2: NaSSAs, NRIs, SNDRIs, MASSAs, NDRIs, and others. Med. Res. Rev., 2020, 40(5), 1794-1832.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/med.21671] [PMID: 32285503]
[41]
Leinonen, E.; Lillsunde, P.; Laukkanen, V.; Ylitalo, P. Effects of carbamazepine on serum antidepressant concentrations in psychiatric patients. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 1991, 11(5), 313-318.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199110000-00007] [PMID: 1765574]
[42]
Steinacher, L.; Vandel, P.; Zullino, D.F.; Eap, C.B.; Brawand-Amey, M.; Baumann, P. Carbamazepine augmentation in depressive patients non-responding to citalopram: A pharmacokinetic and clinical pilot study. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2002, 12(3), 255-260.
[43]
Møller, S.E.; Larsen, F.; Khan, A.Z.; Rolan, P.E. Lack of effect of citalopram on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine in healthy male subjects. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2001, 21(5), 493-499.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-200110000-00007] [PMID: 11593075]
[44]
Darley, J. Interaction between phenytoin and fluoxetine. Seizure, 1994, 3(2), 151-152.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1059-1311(05)80206-7] [PMID: 8081642]
[45]
Jalil, P. Toxic reaction following the combined administration of fluoxetine and phenytoin: Two case reports. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 1992, 55(5), 412-413.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.55.5.412-a] [PMID: 1602320]
[46]
Woods, D.J.; Coulter, D.M.; Pillans, P. Interaction of phenytoin and fluoxetine. N. Z. Med. J., 1994, 107(970), 19.
[PMID: 8295752]
[47]
Grimsley, S.R.; Jann, M.W.; Carter, J.G.; D’mello, A.P.; D’souza, M.J. Increased carbamazepine plasma concentrations after fluoxetine coadministration. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 1991, 50(1), 10-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1991.98] [PMID: 1855347]
[48]
Pearson, H.J. Interaction of fluoxetine with carbamazepine. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 1990, 51(3), 126.
[PMID: 2353956]
[49]
Avenoso, A.; Pollicino, A.M.; Caputi, A.P.; Fazio, A.; Pisani, F.; Pisani, F. Carbamazepine coadministration with fluoxetine or fluvoxamine. Ther. Drug Monit., 1993, 15(3), 247-250.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007691-199306000-00012] [PMID: 8333006]
[50]
Cruz-Flores, S.; Hayat, G.R.; Mirza, W. Valproic toxicity with fluoxetine therapy. Mo. Med., 1995, 92(6), 296-297.
[PMID: 7643841]
[51]
Lucena, M.I.; Blanco, E.; Corrales, M.A.; Berthier, M.L. Interaction of fluoxetine and valproic acid. Am. J. Psychiatry, 1998, 155(4), 575.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.4.575] [PMID: 9546010]
[52]
Sovner, R.; Davis, J.M. A potential drug interaction between fluoxetine and valproic acid. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 1991, 11(6), 389.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199112000-00018] [PMID: 1770158]
[53]
Reimers, A.; Skogvoll, E.; Sund, J.K.; Spigset, O. Drug interactions between lamotrigine and psychoactive drugs: Evidence from a therapeutic drug monitoring service. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2005, 25(4), 342-348.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jcp.0000169418.31275.a7] [PMID: 16012277]
[54]
Bonnet, P.; Vandel, S.; Nezelof, S.; Sechter, D.; Bizouard, P. Carbamazepine, fluvoxamine. Is there a pharmacokinetic interaction? Therapie, 1992, 47(2), 165.
[PMID: 1412145]
[55]
Cottencin, O.; Regnaut, N.; Thévenon-Gignac, C.; Thomas, P.; Goudemand, M.; Debruille, C.; Robert, H. Carbamazepine-fluvoxamine interaction. Consequences for the carbamazepine plasma level. Encephale, 1995, 21(2), 141-145.
[PMID: 7781585]
[56]
Fritze, J.; Unsorg, B.; Lanczik, M. Interaction between carbamazepine and fluvoxamine. Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 1991, 84(6), 583-584.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03200.x] [PMID: 1792934]
[57]
Mamiya, K.; Kojima, K.; Yukawa, E.; Higuchi, S.; Ieiri, I.; Ninomiya, H.; Tashiro, N. Phenytoin intoxication induced by fluvoxamine. Ther. Drug Monit., 2001, 23(1), 75-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007691-200102000-00014] [PMID: 11206048]
[58]
Greb, W.H.; Buscher, G.; Dierdorf, H.D.; Köster, F.E.; Wolf, D.; Mellows, G. The effect of liver enzyme inhibition by cimetidine and enzyme induction by phenobarbitone on the pharmacokinetics of paroxetine. Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 1989, 80(S350), 95-98.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb07184.x] [PMID: 2530801]
[59]
Andersen, B.B.; Mikkelsen, M.; Vesterager, A.; Dam, M.; Kristensen, H.B.; Pedersen, B.; Lund, J.; Mengel, H. No influence of the antidepressant paroxetine on carbamazepine, valproate and phenytoin. Epilepsy Res., 1991, 10(2-3), 201-204.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-1211(91)90013-6] [PMID: 1840138]
[60]
Pihlsgaård, M.; Eliasson, E. Significant reduction of sertraline plasma levels by carbamazepine and phenytoin. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2002, 57(12), 915-916.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-001-0416-3] [PMID: 11936714]
[61]
Khan, A.; Shad, M.U.; Preskorn, S.H. Lack of sertraline efficacy probably due to an interaction with carbamazepine. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2000, 61(7), 526-527.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v61n0712a] [PMID: 10937612]
[62]
Rapeport, W.G.; Williams, S.A.; Muirhead, D.C.; Dewland, P.M.; Tanner, T.; Wesnes, K. Absence of a sertraline-mediated effect on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of carbamazepine. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 1996, 57(Suppl. 1), 20-23.
[PMID: 8617707]
[63]
Rapeport, W.G.; Muirhead, D.C.; Williams, S.A.; Cross, M.; Wesnes, K. Absence of effect of sertraline on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of phenytoin. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 1996, 57(Suppl. 1), 24-28.
[PMID: 8617708]
[64]
Haselberger, M.B.; Freedman, L.S.; Tolbert, S. Elevated serum phenytoin concentrations associated with coadministration of sertraline. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 1997, 17(2), 107-109.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199704000-00008] [PMID: 10950473]
[65]
Kaufman, K.R.; Gerner, R. Lamotrigine toxicity secondary to sertraline. Seizure, 1998, 7(2), 163-165.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1059-1311(98)80074-5] [PMID: 9627209]
[66]
Christensen, J.; Sandgaard, A.; Sidenius, P.; Linnet, K.; Licht, R. Lack of interaction between sertraline and lamotrigine in psychiatric patients: A retrospective study. Pharmacopsychiatry, 2012, 45(3), 119-121.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1297975] [PMID: 22426846]
[67]
Berigan, T.; Harazin, J. A sertraline/valproic acid drug interaction: Case reports. Int. J. Psychiatry Clin. Pract., 1999, 3(4), 287-288.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13651509909068397] [PMID: 24921233]
[68]
Wang, Z.; Deng, S.; Lu, H.; Li, L.; Zhu, X.; Hu, J.; Xie, H.; Chen, H.; Chen, Y.; Zhang, M.; Fang, Z.; Wen, Y.; Shang, D. Effect of venlafaxine dosage, valproic acid concentration, sex, and age on steady state dose‐corrected concentrations of venlafaxine andO ‐desmethylvenlafaxine: A retrospective analysis of therapeutic drug monitoring data in a Chinese population. Hum. Psychopharmacol., 2020, 35(3), e2733.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hup.2733] [PMID: 32239743]
[69]
Puozzo, C.; Leonard, B.E. Pharmacokinetics of milnacipran in comparison with other antidepressants. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 1996, 11(Suppl. 4), 15-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004850-199609004-00003] [PMID: 8923123]
[70]
Romero, A.S.; García Delgado, R.; Peña, M.F. Interaction between trazodone and carbamazepine. Ann. Pharmacother., 1999, 33(12), 1370.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.19030] [PMID: 10630840]
[71]
Sánchez-Romero, A.; Mayordomo-Aranda, A.; García-Delgado, R.; Durán-Quintana, J.A. Probable interaction between trazodone and carbamazepine. Pharmacopsychiatry, 2011, 44(4), 158-159.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1279730] [PMID: 21710406]
[72]
Ruggieri, A.; Picollo, R.; Vecchio, A.D.; Calisti, F.; Dragone, P.; Comandini, A.; Rosignoli, M.T.; Cattaneo, A.; Donath, F.; Wedemeyer, R.S.; Todorova-Sanjari, M.; Warnke, A.; Blume, H.H. Investigations on dose proportionality and drug-drug interaction for a fixed-dose combination of trazodone and gabapentin. Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 2021, 59(1), 71-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5414/CP203845] [PMID: 33040841]
[73]
Pisani, F.; Fazio, A.; Oteri, G.; Perucca, E.; Russo, M.; Trio, R.; Pisani, B.; Di Perri, R. Carbamazepine-viloxazine interaction in patients with epilepsy. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 1986, 49(10), 1142-1145.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.49.10.1142] [PMID: 3783175]
[74]
Pisani, F.; Narbone, M.C.; Fazio, A.; Crisafulli, P.; Primerano, G.; D’Agostino, A.A.; Oteri, G.; Perri, R.D. Effect of viloxazine on serum carbamazepine levels in epileptic patients. Epilepsia, 1984, 25(4), 482-485.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1984.tb03447.x] [PMID: 6745218]
[75]
Pisani, F.; Fazio, A.; Artesi, C.; Russo, M.; Trio, R.; Oteri, G.; Perucca, E.; Di Perri, R. Elevation of plasma phenytoin by viloxazine in epileptic patients: A clinically significant drug interaction. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 1992, 55(2), 126-127.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.55.2.126] [PMID: 1538217]
[76]
Pisani, F.; Fazio, A.; Oteri, G.; Artesi, C.; Xiao, B.; Perucca, E.; Perri, R. Effects of the antidepressant drug viloxazine on oxcarbazepine and its hydroxylated metabolites in patients with epilepsy. Acta Neurol. Scand., 1994, 90(2), 130-132.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1994.tb02692.x] [PMID: 7801739]
[77]
Sitsen, J.M.A.; Maris, F.A.; Timmer, C.J. Drug-drug interaction studies with mirtazapine and carbamazepine in healthy male subjects. Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 2001, 26(1-2), 109-121.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03190384] [PMID: 11554425]
[78]
e, S.; Heuvel, M.; P, S.; P, P.; U, C-K-S.; e, C.; J, S. Concomitant use of mirtazapine and phenytoin: A drug-drug interaction study in healthy male subjects. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2002, 58(6), 423-429.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-002-0498-6] [PMID: 12242602]
[79]
Ketter, T.A.; Jenkins, J.B.; Schroeder, D.H.; Pazzaglia, P.J.; Marangell, L.B.; George, M.S.; Callahan, A.M.; Hinton, M.L.; Chao, J.; Post, R.M. Carbamazepine but not valproate induces bupropion metabolism. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 1995, 15(5), 327-333.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199510000-00004] [PMID: 8830063]
[80]
Tekle, A.; Al-Khamis, K.I. Phenytoin-bupropion interaction: Effect on plasma phenytoin concentration in the rat. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 2011, 42(11), 799-801.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb07025.x] [PMID: 1982306]
[81]
Odishaw, J.; Chen, C. Effects of steady-state bupropion on the pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine in healthy subjects. Pharmacotherapy, 2000, 20(12), 1448-1453.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1592/phco.20.19.1448.34866] [PMID: 11130217]
[82]
Boinpally, R.; Gad, N.; Gupta, S.; Periclou, A. Influence of CYP3A4 induction/inhibition on the pharmacokinetics of vilazodone in healthy subjects. Clin. Ther., 2014, 36(11), 1638-1649.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.08.003] [PMID: 25236915]
[83]
Chen, G.; Højer, A.M.; Areberg, J.; Nomikos, G. Vortioxetine: Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Drug Interactions. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 2018, 57(6), 673-686.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40262-017-0612-7] [PMID: 29189941]
[84]
Rukhadze, M.D.; Alexishvili, M.M.; Okujava, V.M.; Makharadze, T.G.; Sebiskveradze, M.V.; Tsagareli, S.K. Interaction of carbamazepine and chlorpromazine in rabbits. Biomed. Chromatogr., 1999, 13(7), 445-449.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0801(199911)13:7<445:AID-BMC909>3.0.CO;2-Z] [PMID: 10534754]
[85]
Forrest, F.M.; Forrest, I.S.; Serra, M.T. Modification of chlorpromazine metabolism by some other drugs frequently administered to psychiatric patients. Biol. Psychiatry, 1970, 2(1), 53-58.
[PMID: 5414905]
[86]
Spina, E.; Perucca, E. Clinical significance of pharmacokinetic interactions between antiepileptic and psychotropic drugs. Epilepsia, 2002, 43(Suppl. 2), 37-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1528-1157.2002.043s2037.x] [PMID: 11903482]
[87]
Ishizaki, T.; Chiba, K.; Saito, M.; Kobayashi, K.; Iizuka, R. The effects of neuroleptics (haloperidol and chlorpromazine) on the pharmacokinetics of valproic acid in schizophrenic patients. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 1984, 4(5), 254-261.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-198410000-00004] [PMID: 6149238]
[88]
Arana, G.W.; Goff, D.C.; Friedman, H.; Ornsteen, M.; Greenblatt, D.J.; Black, B.; Shader, R.I. Does carbamazepine-induced reduction of plasma haloperidol levels worsen psychotic symptoms? Am. J. Psychiatry, 1986, 143(5), 650-651.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.143.5.650] [PMID: 3963258]
[89]
Hesslinger, B.; Normann, C.; Langosch, J.M.; Klose, P.; Berger, M.; Walden, J. Effects of carbamazepine and valproate on haloperidol plasma levels and on psychopathologic outcome in schizophrenic patients. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 1999, 19(4), 310-315.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199908000-00005] [PMID: 10440457]
[90]
Jann, M.W.; Ereshefsky, L.; Saklad, S.R.; Seidel, D.R.; Davis, C.M.; Burch, N.R.; Bowden, C.L. Effects of carbamazepine on plasma haloperidol levels. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 1985, 5(2), 106-109.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-198504000-00010] [PMID: 3988968]
[91]
Pupeschi, G.; Agenet, C.; Levron, J.C.; Barges-Bertocchio, M.H. Do enzyme inducers modify haloperidol decanoate rate of release? Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 1994, 18(8), 1323-1332.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-5846(94)90096-5] [PMID: 7863019]
[92]
Doose, D.R.; Kohl, K.A.; Desai-Krieger, D.; Natarajan, J.; van Kammen, D.P. No clinically significant effect of topiramate on haloperidol plasma concentration. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 1999, 9, 357.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-977X(99)80543-4]
[93]
Miceli, J.J.; Anziano, R.J.; Robarge, L.; Hansen, R.A.; Laurent, A. The effect of carbamazepine on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of ziprasidone in healthy volunteers. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2000, 49(S1)(Suppl. 1), 65-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2125.2000.00157.x] [PMID: 10771457]
[94]
Jerling, M.; Lindström, L.; Bondesson, U.; Bertilsson, L. Fluvoxamine inhibition and carbamazepine induction of the metabolism of clozapine: evidence from a therapeutic drug monitoring service. Ther. Drug Monit., 1994, 16(4), 368-374.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007691-199408000-00006] [PMID: 7974626]
[95]
Tiihonen, J.; Vartiainen, H.; Hakola, P. Carbamazepine-induced changes in plasma levels of neuroleptics. Pharmacopsychiatry, 1995, 28(1), 26-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-979584] [PMID: 7746842]
[96]
Facciolà, G.; Avenoso, A.; Spina, E.; Perucca, E. Inducing effect of phenobarbital on clozapine metabolism in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Ther. Drug Monit., 1998, 20(6), 628-630.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007691-199812000-00008] [PMID: 9853978]
[97]
Miller, D.D. Effect of phenytoin on plasma clozapine concentrations in two patients. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 1991, 52(1), 23-25.
[PMID: 1988414]
[98]
Diaz, F.; Santoro, V.; Spina, E.; Cogollo, M.; Rivera, T.; Botts, S.; Leon, J. Estimating the size of the effects of co-medications on plasma clozapine concentrations using a model that controls for clozapine doses and confounding variables. Pharmacopsychiatry, 2008, 41(3), 81-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1004591] [PMID: 18484549]
[99]
Riesselman, A.; Strobl, B.; Cooley, A.T.; de Leon, J. A case report that suggested that aspirin’s effects on valproic acid metabolism may contribute to valproic acid’s inducer effects on clozapine metabolism. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2013, 33(6), 812-814.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0b013e3182a4ea8f] [PMID: 24113673]
[100]
Marazziti, D.; Palego, L.; Betti, L.; Giannaccini, G.; Massimetti, E.; Baroni, S.; Ciapparelli, A.; Lucacchini, A.; Mucci, F.; Dell’Osso, L. Effect of valproate and antidepressant drugs on clozapine metabolism in patients with psychotic mood disorders. Ther. Drug Monit., 2018, 40(4), 443-451.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0000000000000513] [PMID: 29601407]
[101]
Hommers, L.; Scharl, M.; Hefner, G.; Hohner, M.; Fischer, M.; Pfuhlmann, B.; Deckert, J.; Unterecker, S. Comedication of valproic acid is associated with increased metabolism of clozapine. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2018, 38(3), 188-192.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0000000000000877] [PMID: 29620699]
[102]
Chopra, N.; de Leon, J. Clozapine-induced myocarditis may be associated with rapid titration. Int. J. Psychiatry Med., 2016, 51(1), 104-115.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091217415621269] [PMID: 26681239]
[103]
Ronaldson, K.J.; Fitzgerald, P.B.; Taylor, A.J.; Topliss, D.J.; Wolfe, R.; McNeil, J.J. Rapid clozapine dose titration and concomitant sodium valproate increase the risk of myocarditis with clozapine: A case–control study. Schizophr. Res., 2012, 141(2-3), 173-178.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2012.08.018] [PMID: 23010488]
[104]
Zaccara, G.; Franciotta, D.; Perucca, E. Idiosyncratic adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia, 2007, 48(7), 1223-1244.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01041.x] [PMID: 17386054]
[105]
Kossen, M.; Selten, J.P.; Kahn, R.S. Elevated clozapine plasma level with lamotrigine. Am. J. Psychiatry, 2001, 158(11), 1930.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1930] [PMID: 11691709]
[106]
Tiihonen, J.; Hallikainen, T.; Ryynänen, O.P.; Repo-Tiihonen, E.; Kotilainen, I.; Eronen, M.; Toivonen, P.; Wahlbeck, K.; Putkonen, A. Lamotrigine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial. Biol. Psychiatry, 2003, 54(11), 1241-1248.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00524-9] [PMID: 14643092]
[107]
Lucas, R.A.; Gilfillan, D.J.; Bergstrom, R.F. A pharmacokinetic interaction between carbamazepine and olanzapine: Observations on possible mechanism. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 1998, 54(8), 639-643.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050527] [PMID: 9860152]
[108]
de Leon, J. False-negative studies may systematically contaminate the literature on the effects of inducers in neuropsychopharmacology: part II: Focus on bipolar disorder. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2014, 34(3), 291-296.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0000000000000115] [PMID: 24717257]
[109]
Haslemo, T.; Olsen, K.; Lunde, H.; Molden, E. Valproic Acid significantly lowers serum concentrations of olanzapine-an interaction effect comparable with smoking. Ther. Drug Monit., 2012, 34(5), 512-517.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0b013e3182693d2a] [PMID: 22972535]
[110]
Tveito, M.; Smith, R.L.; Høiseth, G.; Molden, E. The effect of valproic acid on olanzapine serum concentration. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2019, 39(6), 561-566.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0000000000001126] [PMID: 31688390]
[111]
Zang, Y.N.; Dong, F.; Li, A.N.; Wang, C.Y.; Guo, G.X.; Wang, Q.; Zhang, Y.F.; Zhang, L.; de Leon, J.; Ruan, C.J. The impact of smoking, sex, infection, and comedication administration on oral olanzapine: A population pharmacokinetic model in chinese psychiatric patients. Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 2021, 46(3), 353-371.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13318-021-00673-5] [PMID: 33677821]
[112]
Jann, M.W.; Hon, Y.Y.; Shamsi, S.A.; Zheng, J.; Awad, E.A.; Spratlin, V. Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between lamotrigine and olanzapine in healthy volunteers. Pharmacotherapy, 2006, 26(5), 627-633.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1592/phco.26.5.627] [PMID: 16637792]
[113]
Sidhu, J.; Job, S.; Bullman, J.; Francis, E.; Abbott, R.; Ascher, J.; Theis, J.G.W. Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of lamotrigine and olanzapine coadministered to healthy subjects. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2006, 61(4), 420-426.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02598.x] [PMID: 16542203]
[114]
Spina, E.; D’Arrigo, C.; Migliardi, G.; Santoro, V.; Muscatello, M.R.; Micò, U.; D’Amico, G.; Perucca, E. Effect of adjunctive lamotrigine treatment on the plasma concentrations of clozapine, risperidone and olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Ther. Drug Monit., 2006, 28(5), 599-602.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ftd.0000246763.59506.b0] [PMID: 17038872]
[115]
Grimm, S.W.; Richtand, N.M.; Winter, H.R.; Stams, K.R.; Reele, S.B. Effects of cytochrome P450 3A modulators ketoconazole and carbamazepine on quetiapine pharmacokinetics. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2006, 61(1), 58-69.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02507.x] [PMID: 16390352]
[116]
Santoro, V.; D’Arrigo, C.; Migliardi, G.; Muscatello, M.R.; Micò, U.; Cambria, R.; Spina, E. Therapeutic drug monitoring of quetiapine: effect of coadministration with antiepileptic drugs in patients with psychiatric disorders. Open Clin. Biochem. J., 2008, 1(1), 17-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874241600801010017]
[117]
Castberg, I.; Skogvoll, E.; Spigset, O. Quetiapine and drug interactions: Evidence from a routine therapeutic drug monitoring service. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2007, 68(10), 1540-1545.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v68n1011] [PMID: 17960969]
[118]
Wittmann, M.; Hausner, H.; Köstlbacher, A.; Hajak, G.; Haen, E. Individual clearance and therapeutic drug monitoring of quetiapine in clinical practice. Neuroendocrinol. Lett., 2010, 31(2), 203-207.
[PMID: 20424588]
[119]
Wong, Y.W.J.; Yeh, C.; Thyrum, P.T. The effects of concomitant phenytoin administration on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of quetiapine. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2001, 21(1), 89-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-200102000-00016] [PMID: 11199955]
[120]
Aichhorn, W.; Marksteiner, J.; Walch, T.; Zernig, G.; Saria, A.; Kemmler, G. Influence of age, gender, body weight and valproate comedication on quetiapine plasma concentrations. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2006, 21(2), 81-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.yic.0000188213.46667.f1] [PMID: 16421458]
[121]
Winter, H.R.; DeVane, C.L.; Figueroa, C.; Ennis, D.J.; Hamer-Maansson, J.E.; Davis, P.C.; Smith, M.A. Open-label steady-state pharmacokinetic drug interaction study on co-administered quetiapine fumarate and divalproex sodium in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder. Hum. Psychopharmacol., 2007, 22(7), 469-476.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hup.869] [PMID: 17729385]
[122]
Andersson, M.L.; Björkhem-Bergman, L.; Lindh, J.D. Possible drug-drug interaction between quetiapine and lamotrigine - evidence from a Swedish TDM database. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2011, 72(1), 153-156.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03941.x] [PMID: 21651616]
[123]
Migliardi, G.; D’Arrigo, C.; Santoro, V.; Bruno, A.; Cortese, L.; Campolo, D.; Cacciola, M.; Spina, E. Effect of topiramate on plasma concentrations of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and quetiapine in patients with psychotic disorders. Clin. Neuropharmacol., 2007, 30(2), 107-113.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wnf.0000240955.49315.65] [PMID: 17414943]
[124]
Fitzgerald, B.J.; Okos, A.J. Elevation of carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide by quetiapine. Pharmacotherapy, 2002, 22(11), 1500-1503.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1592/phco.22.16.1500.33697] [PMID: 12432977]
[125]
Gerrits, M.G.F.; de Greef, R.; Dogterom, P.; Peeters, P.A.M. Valproate reduces the glucuronidation of asenapine without affecting asenapine plasma concentrations. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2012, 52(5), 757-765.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270011404028] [PMID: 21628604]
[126]
de Leon, J.; Bork, J. Risperidone and Cytochrome P450 3A. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 1997, 58(10), 450.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v58n1010b] [PMID: 9375597]
[127]
Spina, E.; Avenoso, A.; Facciolà, G.; Salemi, M.; Scordo, M.G.; Giacobello, T.; Madia, A.G.; Perucca, E. Plasma concentrations of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone: Effect of comedication with carbamazepine or valproate. Ther. Drug Monit., 2000, 22(4), 481-485.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007691-200008000-00019] [PMID: 10942191]
[128]
Ravindran, A.; Silverstone, P.; Lacroix, D.; van Schaick, E.; Vermeulen, A.; Alexander, J. Risperidone does not affect steady-state pharmacokinetics of divalproex sodium in patients with bipolar disorder. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 2004, 43(11), 733-740.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003088-200443110-00004] [PMID: 15301577]
[129]
Bienentreu, S.D.; Kronmüller, K.T.H. Increase in risperidone plasma level with lamotrigine. Am. J. Psychiatry, 2005, 162(4), 811-a-812.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.4.811-a] [PMID: 15800164]
[130]
Bialer, M.; Doose, D.R.; Murthy, B.; Curtin, C.; Wang, S.S.; Twyman, R.E.; Schwabe, S. Pharmacokinetic interactions of topiramate. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 2004, 43(12), 763-780.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003088-200443120-00001] [PMID: 15355124]
[131]
Mula, M.; Monaco, F. Carbamazepine-risperidone interactions in patients with epilepsy. Clin. Neuropharmacol., 2002, 25(2), 97-100.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002826-200203000-00007] [PMID: 11981236]
[132]
Nakamura, A.; Mihara, K.; Nagai, G.; Suzuki, T.; Kondo, T. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between carbamazepine and aripiprazole in patients with schizophrenia. Ther. Drug Monit., 2009, 31(5), 575-578.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181b6326a] [PMID: 19701114]
[133]
Citrome, L.; Macher, J.P.; Salazar, D.E.; Mallikaarjun, S.; Boulton, D.W. Pharmacokinetics of aripiprazole and concomitant carbamazepine. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2007, 27(3), 279-283.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jcp.0b013e318056f309] [PMID: 17502775]
[134]
Citrome, L.; Josiassen, R.; Bark, N.; Salazar, D.E.; Mallikaarjun, S. Pharmacokinetics of aripiprazole and concomitant lithium and valproate. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2005, 45(1), 89-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270004269870] [PMID: 15601809]
[135]
Castberg, I.; Spigset, O. Effects of comedication on the serum levels of aripiprazole: Evidence from a routine therapeutic drug monitoring service. Pharmacopsychiatry, 2007, 40(3), 107-110.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-977715] [PMID: 17541885]
[136]
Waade, R.B.; Christensen, H.; Rudberg, I.; Refsum, H.; Hermann, M. Influence of comedication on serum concentrations of aripiprazole and dehydroaripiprazole. Ther. Drug Monit., 2009, 31(2), 233-238.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181956726] [PMID: 19142178]
[137]
Boulton, D.W.; Kollia, G.D.; Mallikaarjun, S.; Kornhauser, D.M. Lack of a pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between lithium and valproate when co-administered with aripiprazole. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther., 2012, 37(5), 565-570.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2710.2012.01331.x] [PMID: 22943745]
[138]
Yasui-Furukori, N.; Kubo, K.; Ishioka, M.; Tsuchimine, S.; Inoue, Y. Interaction between paliperidone and carbamazepine. Ther. Drug Monit., 2013, 35(5), 649-652.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0b013e3182966c2f] [PMID: 24052066]
[139]
Kerbusch-Herben, V.; Cleton, A.; Berwaerts, J.; Vandebosch, A.; Remmerie, B. Effect of carbamazepine on the pharmacokinetics of paliperidone extended-release tablets at steady-state. Clin. Pharmacol. Drug Dev., 2014, 3(5), 371-377.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpdd.122] [PMID: 27129010]
[140]
Remmerie, B.; Ariyawansa, J.; De Meulder, M.; Coppola, D.; Berwaerts, J. Drug-drug interaction studies of paliperidone and divalproex sodium extended-release tablets in healthy participants and patients with psychiatric disorders. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2016, 56(6), 683-692.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcph.648] [PMID: 26412032]
[141]
Schmidt, D. Benzodiazepines, diazepam. In: Antiepileptic drugs; 3rd ed; Levy, R.H.; Dreifuss, F.E.; Mattson, R.H.; Meldrum, B.S.; Penry, J.K., Eds.; Raven Press: New York, 1989; p. 735-764.
[142]
Dhillon, S.; Richens, A. Pharmacokinetics of diazepam in epileptic patients and normal volunteers following intravenous administration. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 1981, 12(6), 841-844.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1981.tb01317.x] [PMID: 6803820]
[143]
Levy, R.H.; Lane, E.A.; Guyot, M.; Brachet-Liermain, A.; Cenraud, B.; Loiseau, P. Analysis of parent drug-metabolite relationship in the presence of an inducer. Application to the carbamazepine-clobazam interaction in normal man. Drug Metab. Dispos., 1983, 11(4), 286-292.
[PMID: 6137332]
[144]
Dhillon, S.; Richens, A. Valproic acid and diazepam interaction in vivo. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 1982, 13(4), 553-560.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb01421.x] [PMID: 6802161]
[145]
Furukori, H.; Otani, K.; Yasui, N.; Kondo, T.; Kaneko, S.; Shimoyama, R.; Ohkubo, T.; Nagasaki, T.; Sugawara, K. Effect of carbamazepine on the single oral dose pharmacokinetics of alprazolam. Neuropsychopharmacology, 1998, 18(5), 364-369.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0893-133X(97)00166-8] [PMID: 9536449]
[146]
Arana, G.W.; Epstein, S.; Molloy, M.; Greenblatt, D.J. Carbamazepine-induced reduction of plasma alprazolam concentrations: A clinical case report. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 1988, 49(11), 448-449.
[PMID: 3182735]
[147]
Scott, A.K.; Khir, A.S.; Steele, W.H.; Hawksworth, G.M.; Petrie, J.C. Oxazepam pharmacokinetics in patients with epilepsy treated long-term with phenytoin alone or in combination with phenobarbitone. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 1983, 16(4), 441-444.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb02193.x] [PMID: 6626439]
[148]
Backman, J.T.; Olkkola, K.T.; Ojala, M.; Laaksovirta, H.; Neuvonen, P.J. Concentrations and effects of oral midazolam are greatly reduced in patients treated with carbamazepine or phenytoin. Epilepsia, 1996, 37(3), 253-257.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00021.x] [PMID: 8598183]
[149]
Hiemke, C.; Bergemann, N.; Clement, H.W.; Conca, A.; Deckert, J.; Domschke, K.; Eckermann, G.; Egberts, K.; Gerlach, M.; Greiner, C.; Grunder, G.; Haen, E.; Havemann-Reinecke, U.; Hefner, G.; Helmer, R.; Janssen, G.; Jaquenoud, E.; Laux, G.; Messer, T.; Mossner, R.; Muller, M.J.; Paulzen, M.; Pfuhlmann, B.; Riederer, P.; Saria, A.; Schoppek, B.; Schoretsanitis, G.; Schwarz, M.; Gracia, M.S.; Stegmann, B.; Steimer, W.; Stingl, J.C.; Uhr, M.; Ulrich, S.; Unterecker, S.; Waschgler, R.; Zernig, G.; Zurek, G.; Baumann, P. Consensus guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring in neuropsychopharmacology: Update 2017. Pharmacopsychiatry, 2018, 51(1-2), 9-62.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
56
2
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy