Abstract
Skin has evolved to protect not only by acting as a physical barrier, but also by its role in our powerful immune system. As a frontline of the hosts defense against pathogens, skin is well equipped for immune surveillance. For example, compared to many other tissues, the epidermis of the skin contains a high population of Langerhans cells, which are very potent immature dendritic cells. Thus, targeting antigens to the skin epidermis should be able to efficiently induce strong immune responses. However, the forbidden barrier posed by the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis prevents effective entrance of antigens into the epidermis. Nevertheless, non-invasive immunization onto the skin has proven in the last several years to be a viable immunization modality. DNA vaccine is a vaccine made of bacterial plasmid DNA encoding an antigen of interest. Upon uptake of the plasmid, host express and process the encoding antigen, and then mount immune responses against it. DNA vaccine is advantageous over many other types of vaccines. The feasibility of noninvasive immunization onto the skin with DNA vaccine has been confirmed. Although the potency of the immune response has proven to be weak, many skin stratum corneum disrupting chemical and physical approaches and DNA vaccine carriers/adjuvants that significantly enhance the resulting immune response have been reported. In addition, research on elucidating the mechanism of immune induction from non-invasively, topically applied DNA vaccine has also been carried out. With further improvement and optimization, non-invasive immunization onto the skin with DNA vaccine should be able to elicit reliable and efficacious immune response to a variety of antigens.
Keywords: Topical, delivery system, adjuvant, epidermis, dendritic cell
Current Drug Delivery
Title: Non-Invasive Immunization on the Skin Using DNA Vaccine
Volume: 3 Issue: 1
Author(s): Zhengrong Cui, Annie Dierling and Marianna Foldvari
Affiliation:
Keywords: Topical, delivery system, adjuvant, epidermis, dendritic cell
Abstract: Skin has evolved to protect not only by acting as a physical barrier, but also by its role in our powerful immune system. As a frontline of the hosts defense against pathogens, skin is well equipped for immune surveillance. For example, compared to many other tissues, the epidermis of the skin contains a high population of Langerhans cells, which are very potent immature dendritic cells. Thus, targeting antigens to the skin epidermis should be able to efficiently induce strong immune responses. However, the forbidden barrier posed by the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis prevents effective entrance of antigens into the epidermis. Nevertheless, non-invasive immunization onto the skin has proven in the last several years to be a viable immunization modality. DNA vaccine is a vaccine made of bacterial plasmid DNA encoding an antigen of interest. Upon uptake of the plasmid, host express and process the encoding antigen, and then mount immune responses against it. DNA vaccine is advantageous over many other types of vaccines. The feasibility of noninvasive immunization onto the skin with DNA vaccine has been confirmed. Although the potency of the immune response has proven to be weak, many skin stratum corneum disrupting chemical and physical approaches and DNA vaccine carriers/adjuvants that significantly enhance the resulting immune response have been reported. In addition, research on elucidating the mechanism of immune induction from non-invasively, topically applied DNA vaccine has also been carried out. With further improvement and optimization, non-invasive immunization onto the skin with DNA vaccine should be able to elicit reliable and efficacious immune response to a variety of antigens.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Cui Zhengrong, Dierling Annie and Foldvari Marianna, Non-Invasive Immunization on the Skin Using DNA Vaccine, Current Drug Delivery 2006; 3 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720106775197538
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720106775197538 |
Print ISSN 1567-2018 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5704 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances of natural products, bio-actives and novel drug delivery system against emerging viral infections
Due to the increasing prevalence of viral infections and the ability of these human pathogens to develop resistance to current treatment strategies, there is a great need to find and develop new compounds to combat them. These molecules must have low toxicity, specific activity and high bioavailability. The most suitable ...read more
Electrospun Fibers as Drug Delivery Systems
In recent years, electrospun fibers have attracted considerable attention as potential platforms for drug delivery due to their distinctive properties and adaptability. These fibers feature a notable surface area-to-volume ratio and can be intentionally designed with high porosity, facilitating an increased capacity for drug loading and rendering them suitable for ...read more
Emerging Nanotherapeutics for Mitigation of Neurodegenerative Disorders
Conditions affecting the central nervous system (CNS) present a significant hurdle due to limited access of both treatments and diagnostic tools for the brain. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts as a barrier, restricting the passage of molecules from the bloodstream into the brain. The most formidable challenge facing scientists is ...read more
Nanotechnology Based Chemotherapy for the treatment of Head & Neck Cancer
The escalating recurrence rates observed in Head and Neck cancer, particularly within the chemo-therapeutically treated cohort (50-60%), can be attributed to the non-selective nature of current anticancer drug delivery modalities. In this context, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems emerge as a promising avenue for achieving precise localization of therapeutic agents to ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Quest for alternate personalized clinical source of MSCs: Advancing towards hiPSCs derived iMSCs
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Challenges in Diagnosing Cerebral Lacunar Infarcts
Current Medical Imaging MicroRNAs Determining Inflammation as Novel Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets
Current Medicinal Chemistry Postmenopausal Hypertension: Insights from Rat Models
Current Hypertension Reviews Neuroimaging Features of Acquired Metabolic and Toxic Encephalopathies
Current Medical Imaging Bone Effects of Glitazones and Other Anti-Diabetic Drugs
Current Drug Safety Nutraceuticals for Metabolic Syndrome Management: From Laboratory to Benchside
Current Vascular Pharmacology Genetics of Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Metabolism
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Role of Copper in Angiogenesis and Its Medicinal Implications
Current Medicinal Chemistry Acid Sensing Ion Channels and Acid Nociception
Current Pharmaceutical Design MiR-30a-5p Promotes Vein Graft Restenosis by Inhibiting Cell Autophagy through Targeting ATG5
Current Medicinal Chemistry Editorial: Bivalirudin and the Matrix Trial: The End of the Story?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Neurotoxicity: The Broad Framework of Electron Transfer, Oxidative Stress and Protection by Antioxidants
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Central Nervous System Agents The GSTM1 and GSTT1 Null Genotypes Increase the Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Subsequent Development of Diabetic Complications: A Meta-analysis
Current Diabetes Reviews Advances in Human Cytochrome P450 and Personalized Medicine
Current Drug Metabolism Comparative Study on Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with or without Digestive Symptoms in Razi Hospital, Ahvaz, Khuzestan
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Quadricuspid Pulmonary Valve: Case Report and the Comparison with Quadricuspid Aortic Valve
Current Cardiology Reviews Oxidative Stress and Psychological Disorders
Current Neuropharmacology Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Statins
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Genetics and Heart Failure: A Concise Guide for the Clinician
Current Cardiology Reviews